In Jurassic Park, DNA was used to clone dinosaurs, which was kept for tens of millions of years. The scientists find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected. That’s nothing more than a fiction.

   But could we really clone endangered animals?
   To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare ox-like animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (邦戈羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.

    Next, could we really clone extinct animals?

    In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a well-kept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a surrogate mother.

     In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, it’s not likely that extinct animals’ DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly well-preserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animals as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?
     Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals are brought back, they could not survive in today’s world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.

60. It can be learned from the text that ________.

A. scientists have cloned the African bongo antelope

B. both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia

C. the gaur lives in Asia and is endangered          D. the gaur is an extinct species

61. The underlined words "a surrogate mother" probably refer to a female who ______.

  A. contributes its eggs to another female   B. gives birth to a baby for another female

  C. gives birth to a baby of its own        D. cannot give birth to a baby

62. The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of ______.

  A. both the well-preserved DNA and plants to live on

  B. both the habitat to live in and the well-preserved DNA

  C. both habitat to live in and plants to live on

  D. both the well-preserved DNA and a surrogate mother

63. In the author’s opinion, it is possible that ______.

  A. some extinct species may be cloned, but not survive

  B. extinct species may be cloned and easily survive

  C. a gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate mother

  D. all the extinct species may be cloned

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to rule soon that milk from cloned animals and meat from their offspring (后代) are safe to eat.

The agricultural industry has observed a self-acting stop on using the products of clones, but it has recently become clear that a few offspring of cloned pigs and cows are already flowing into the food supply. Many in agriculture believe such genetic copies are the next logical step in improving the nation’s livestock (家畜).

Many Americans are likely to be against the idea of serving clones’ milk to their children or putting meat from the offspring of clones into the kitchens. When they were asked earlier this year in a survey by the International Food Information Council whether they would willingly buy meat, milk and eggs that come from clones if the FDA declared them to be safe, 63 percent of consumers said no.

Yet scientific evidence suggests there is little cause for alarm, at least on food-safety grounds. Studies have shown that meat and milk from clones are not different from that from normal animals, although work is not complete and researchers say that clones do suffer slight genetic abnormalities (反常).

While milk from clones might reach the shelves, clones themselves are not likely to be eaten, since they cost thousands of dollars to produce. They’d be used as breeding stock(培育家畜), so the real question is whether their produced offspring would be safe.

The FDA has been promising a policy for three years, but hasn’t produced a final view, and some biotechnology companies involved in cloning have run out of cash while waiting. Livestock producers have called the FDA the“Foot Dragging Administration”.

72．What is the opinion of most Americans on serving cloned milk to their children?

  A．They expect to serve clone milk to their children.

  B．They have already fed their children with cloned milk.

  C．They believe using the cloned milk is safe enough.

  D．They won’t accept cloned milk.

73．What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?

  A．The clones are very rare, so they will never be used as food.

  B．The clones cost too much money so it’s worth eating them.

  C．The clones cost so much to produce, so they will not be used as food.

  D．The FDA will make a decision that the clones are too expensive to eat as food.

74．Why has the FDA been called“Foot Dragging Administration”?

  A．Because the FDA hasn’t made final policy in the limited time.

  B．Because the FDA have used up their money to make cloned food.

  C．Because the FDA doesn’t know whether the cloned meat is safe to eat or not.

  D．Because the livestock producers like to play jokes.

75．What is the best title for this passage?

  A．The offspring of cloned animals.

  B．Clone-generated meat and milk may be accepted.

  C．Cloned animal products are dangerous.

  D．The new plan on cloned animal products.

The Food and Drug Administration is, again, threatening to impose milk and meat from cloned animals on a public that opposes the technology and its products.

Respected polls report that more than 60% of Americans think animal cloning is immoral, and that most people said they wouldn’t knowingly eat the products even if the FDA approved them. But because the FDA would allow cloned meat and milk to be sold without identifying labels, consumers wouldn’t be able to avoid them. The FDA has consistently tilted toward those who want cloned milk and meat in our food. Agency officials have repeatedly asserted that science shows cloned milk and meat are safe for humans. But the FDA has never published the complete scientific studies it says support that claim.

The argument that cloning is safe for animals is unconvincing. Cloned meat and milk offer no public economic benefits. Having cloned cows produce more milk wouldn’t reduce milk prices. US farmers produce more milk than we drink, and the government is required to buy the surplus. Since 2000, dairy support programs have cost taxpayers more than $ 5 billion.

Most important, this first decision to advance animal biotechnology raises ethical issues beyond the FDA’s expertise. Techniques used to clone animals will advance the ability to clone humans－and create animals with human genes. Neither the agency nor animal scientists are qualified to tell us whether and when it is ethically acceptable for humans to alter the essential nature of animals. We need a national discussion, including ethicists and religious leaders, to consider the wisdom of cloned and transgenic animals. Given the risk of unintended consequences, we should proceed cautiously. The president should halt further FDA action on cloning and set in motion a process for beginning this broader discussion.

61．The author’s attitude towards cloning is __________.

       A．neutral                B．opposed              C．approving            D．supportive

62．In US many people buy cloned foods __________.

       A．to support the new technique

       B．because FDA approved them

       C．because they cannot tell which is cloned food

       D．because thy cannot read the labels.

63．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

       A．Because more milk is produced by cloned cows, the milk price is reduced.

       B．American farmers produce more milk than the people can consume.

       C．FDA approved that cloned food is safe for human beings.

       D．More and more people accept cloned milk and meat.

64．From the text we know that cloning technique ___________.

       A．developed well enough to clone human beings

       B．may cause unintended bad results to human beings

       C．will bring more unexpected economic benefits

       D．is supported by ethicists and religious leaders

65．What’s the best title of this passage?

       A．Publice Is Against Cloned Food             B．Benefits of Cloned Food

       C．Cloned Food Is Illegal                          D．Technique in Cloned Food

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to rule soon that milk from cloned animals and meat from their offspring (后代) are safe to eat.

The agricultural industry has observed a self-acting stop on using the products of clones, but it has recently become clear that a few offspring of cloned pigs and cows are already flowing into the food supply. Many in agriculture believe such genetic copies are the next logical step in improving the nation’s livestock (家畜).

Many Americans are likely to be against the idea of serving clones’ milk to their children or putting meat from the offspring of clones into the kitchens. When they were asked earlier this year in a survey by the International Food Information Council whether they would willingly buy meat, milk and eggs that come from clones if the FDA declared them to be safe, 63 percent of consumers said no.

Yet scientific evidence suggests there is little cause for alarm, at least on food-safety grounds. Studies have shown that meat and milk from clones are not different from that from normal animals, although work is not complete and researchers say that clones do suffer slight genetic abnormalities (反常).

While milk from clones might reach the shelves, clones themselves are not likely to be eaten, since they cost thousands of dollars to produce. They’d be used as breeding stock(培育家畜), so the real question is whether their produced offspring would be safe.

The FDA has been promising a policy for three years, but hasn’t produced a final view, and some biotechnology companies involved in cloning have run out of cash while waiting. Livestock producers have called the FDA the“Foot Dragging Administration”.

1．What is the opinion of most Americans on serving cloned milk to their children?

  A．They expect to serve clone milk to their children.

  B．They have already fed their children with cloned milk.

  C．They believe using the cloned milk is safe enough.

  D．They won’t accept cloned milk.

2．What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?

  A．The clones are very rare, so they will never be used as food.

  B．The clones cost too much money so it’s worth eating them.

  C．The clones cost so much to produce, so they will not be used as food.

  D．The FDA will make a decision that the clones are too expensive to eat as food.

3．Why has the FDA been called“Foot Dragging Administration”?

  A．Because the FDA hasn’t made final policy in the limited time.

  B．Because the FDA have used up their money to make cloned food.

  C．Because the FDA doesn’t know whether the cloned meat is safe to eat or not.

  D．Because the livestock producers like to play jokes.

4．What is the best title for this passage?

  A．The offspring of cloned animals.

  B．Clone-generated meat and milk may be accepted.

  C．Cloned animal products are dangerous.

D．The new plan on cloned animal products. ?

With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone (克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That's a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah's Ark”.

  Noah's Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen（氮）. If certain species should become extinct , Dr. Duane Kraemar, a professor in Texas A&M University Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.

  It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals , birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years . The panda, native only to China , is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years .

  This week , Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit . They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.

  The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.

  “The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem，” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy(having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort, ”adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A & M, the first–ever attempt at cloning a dog.

  “They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”

The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to ________.

A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B. save endangered animals from dying out

C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

Ａccording to Professor Kraemer , the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.

A. available panda eggs           B. host animals

C. qualified researchers           D. enough money

The best title for the passage may be ______.

A. China’s Success in Panda Cloning

B. The First Cloned Panda in the World

C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D. China---the Native Place of Pandas Forever