You want something you can’t get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough you’ll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret, and you’re willing to run the risk of being caught. That’s how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating. Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. "We’re suffering a moral breakdown," Pinkard says. "We’re seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with. Whether to cheat depends on whether it’s in the person’s interest." He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students. Richard Dienstbier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that society’s attitudes explain much of the increase in cheating. "Twenty years ago if a person cheated in college, that is extremely serious, he will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently," he says. "Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Science that if a student cheats in an exam, the student must receive an "F" on what he cheated in. That’s nothing. If you’re going to fail anyway, why not cheat? Cheating is most likely in situations where the interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low," says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene.

1. The passage focuses on ________.

A. making the reader believe that cheating is immoral       

B. discussing the reasons for cheating

C. describing how students cheat in exams                       

D. suggesting how to control cheating

2. Cheating tends to occur in all the following situations except when ________.

A. one wants something badly             B. one can’t get something in a right way

C. it is not very likely to be found out       D. a series of things have to be dealt with

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved. 

B. There has been an increase in cheating.

C. Most cheaters are college students.                       

D. Cheaters do not feel guilty and regretful.

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Cheating is widespread because society is too understanding.

B. Cheating is the result of heavy pressure.

C. Cheating is cheating, whether in a test or on any other occasions.

D. Cheating comes together with civilization

You want to know where the safest place for young children is in the car? For a child of any age, the back seat is the safest place and the safest part of the back seat is the middle. In the back seat, the child is farthest away from the force or effect of head-on collision（撞击）, which can cause the most injuries.

       All fifty states of the USA have laws requiring the use of safety seats for young children. If you have children under 8 years of age weighing no more than 80 pounds, it is necessary to fit your car with a special child safety seat.

       The child safety seat comes in three types or sizes: the first type is designed for babies from birth to one year of age, until the baby weighs about 20 pounds; the second size is for children between one and four years of age, who weigh between 20 and 40 pounds; the third kind is used by older children big enough to use the car's belt system. Moreover, all these safety seats must be fitted and held in place on the car's back seat. If your child does need your attention while you are driving, don't look back. Just pull over （停靠路边）.

       In addition, always be sure your child is properly fastened throughout the entire trip. Children who can unfasten their own car seats are subject to fatal injuries in an accident. Start early in your child's life teaching them that car safety is serious business and make sure you give a good example and always wear your own seat belt.

60. This passage mainly discusses _____.

       A. how a child can be kept safe while riding in a car

       B. why the back seat is the safest place in a car

       C. how a child safety seat can protect a child

       D. what causes young passengers the most injuries

61. This passage is probably written for _____.

       A. school teachers                                 B. very young readers                        

       C. parents of small children                     D. taxi drivers

62. The third type of safety seat is for children ______.

       A. above eight years of age                         B. between four and eight

       C. weighing between 20 and 40 pounds       D. weighing more than 80 pounds

63. What safety tip is given in this passage?

       A. Always keep your children beside you.

       B. Fasten your own safety belt to set an example.

       C. Make your child remain seated during the trip.

       D. Study laws requiring the use of safety seats.

What you give your relatives and friends can help you know yourself better. Also, what they give you can tell you something about their personality. Most gift―giving (and getting) shows nothing more than the spirit of love and friendship. But it is possible to form some connections between the kinds of things brought and the people who buy them. Here is a guide to who gives what and why.

       The clothes you wear tell something about your personality. They tell the world not only how you want to be seen but how you see yourself as well. When someone gives you something to wear that agrees with your self-image, they’re saying, “I agree with you. I like you the way you are. ” Such a gift should be taken as a form of compliment(赞美). On the other hand, a gift of clothing that doesn’t match your personality could be an insult(侮辱)to your character.

       Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today. If you receive a homemade gift, you’re lucky. It may not be made perfectly, but it will show a certain quality of love. They’ve given time and emotion, two important characteristics of being creative.

       A person who thinks of food when thinking of gifts is a good example of what human warmth means. Whether you give a box of chocolate, a bag of oranges, or a ball of cheese, all carry the same message of comfort and support.

       People who give books as gifts either like reading or would like everyone to think they do. If you happen to receive a large heavy book, its giver may be much more interested in the way things appear than in the way they actually are. Of course, reading is a way of new things. Giving a book can be a way of sharing a feeling or newly learned meaning. The giver is probably trying to say to you what the book said to him.

56. The first paragraph is written mainly to tell readers that___________.

1. the gifts you give can help you understand yourself better than any other way
2. there is a certain relationship between the gifts and the people who give them
3. the gifts you receive help you learn your personality
4. between relatives and friends a gift may show friendship and love

57. A person who likes the self-image of another person will give the latter a gift_________.

A.   fashionable and expensive

B.   made at home by himself

C.   that agrees with the personality of the receiver

D.  that matches the character of the giver

58. If you give a large book as a gift, it may show that_______________.

1. you enjoy reading and will be successful in writing
2. the receiver is interested in reading and hopes to be a writer
3. you want to share with others a certain feeling
4. you are more interested in the appearance than in its contents

59. What kind of gifts would people give if they want to show their love toward others?

A. Homemade gifts                                      B. Delicious food                

C. Expensive clothes                                    D. An interesting book

Do you want to live a happier, less stressful (有压力的) life?
Try laughing for no reason at all. That’s how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world – and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.
The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr Madan Kataria. “Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day,” says Dr Kataria. “Everyone’s naturally good at laughing – it’s the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives.” There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide.
Many doctors are also interested in the effects (效果) of laughter on our health. According to a 5 – year study in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%.
So, what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest – I wasn’t interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha,” while looking at each other. However, our bodies can’t tell the difference between fake laughter and real laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects.
Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real – and some people just couldn’t stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you’re under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results!

1. 1.

   In which country was the first Laughter Club started?

   1. A.
      Britain.
   2. B.
      America.
   3. C.
      Australia.
   4. D.
      India.
2. 2.

   How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class?

   1. A.
      Surprised.
   2. B.
      Pleased.
   3. C.
      Nervous.
   4. D.
      Stressful.
3. 3.

   When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?

   1. A.
      After a few minutes.
   2. B.
      After a few hours.
   3. C.
      After a few seconds.
   4. D.
      After a few days.
4. 4.

   Which of the following is true according to the passage?

   1. A.
      Fake laughter and real laughter are both good for health.
   2. B.
      40% of the people in Laughter Clubs are good friends.
   3. C.
      Adults laugh more often than children in a day.
   4. D.
      Laughing is the best way to prevent illness.

Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.
"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生)," said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate".
At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology（纳米技术）make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years."
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Pooh, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology(老龄学) Center. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all."

1. 1.

   By saying "we are knocking at the door of immortality", Michael Zey means ________

   1. A.
      they believe that there is no limit of living
   2. B.
      they are sure to find the truth about long living
   3. C.
      they have got some ideas about living forever
   4. D.
      they are able to make people live past the present life span
2. 2.

   Donald Louria's attitude towards long living is that ________

   1. A.
      people can live from 120 to 180 years
   2. B.
      it is still doubtful how long humans can live
   3. C.
      the human body is designed to last about 120 years
   4. D.
      it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
3. 3.

   The underlined "it"（paragraph 4）refers to ________

   1. A.
      a great push
   2. B.
      the idea of living beyond the present life span
   3. C.
      the idea of living from 200 to 300 years
   4. D.
      the conservative estimate
4. 4.

   What would be the best title for this text?

   1. A.
      Living Longer or Not
   2. B.
      Science, Technology and Long Living
   3. C.
      No Limit for Human Life
   4. D.
      Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living