B
KATHMANDU, Nepal (CNN) - Nepal has given its security personnel permission to shoot pro-Tibet demonstrators during China's Olympic flame climb to Mount Everest's summit early next month.
"About 25 soldiers and policemen have established camps on the mountain and they have been ordered to use force if necessary to stop any anti-Chinese activities," Mod Raj Dotel, spokesman for the home ministry, said Sunday. "This could mean shooting if necessary."
Security personnel will also check mountain climbers for non-essential expedition materials, Dotel added.
"If anyone is found with anti-Chinese material their permit will be canceled and returned from the mountain," he said.
Chinese climbers plan to take the Olympic flame to the top of the world's highest peak, at 8,848 meters (29,028 feet) as part of the global relay leading up to the August 8 opening of the Summer Olympics in Beijing.
Spring is the most popular season for climbing Mount Everest, which straddles(跨越) the border between Nepal and Tibet, an autonomous region of China.
The Nepali government has given permits to dozens of climbers from 30 expeditions this season.
But between May 1 and May 10, climbers are barred from going above 6,400 meters until the torch run is completed. China plans to take the Olympic flame to the summit sometime then.
Bad weather conditions allow only about two opportunities in May for a push to the summit.
The Chinese have not allowed any expedition to climb the mountain from the north side, according the Kathmandu representative of the Tibet China Mountaineering Association.
Almost every day in the past month, Nepalese police have arrested pro-Tibet protesters from in front of the Chinese Embassy and the United Nations offices. The demonstrators are released later in the evening. 
Supporters of Tibet punish the government's attitude toward the autonomous region, and many believe China should not have been awarded the honor of hosting the Olympic Games.
Earlier torch relay stops in London, England; Paris, France; and San Francisco, California attracted tens of thousands of demonstrators. They led to attacks on the torch and relay participants, and prompted police to make dozens of arrests.
Subsequent stops in Argentina, Tanzania and Oman were trouble-free.
In Pakistan, authorities closed the relay to the public. And India shortened the relay and kept thousands of anti-Chinese protesters at bay by sealing off roads and shuttering buildings along the route.
The relay went smoothly in Bangkok, Thailand, on Saturday, amid heavy security and scattered protests along the route.
The flame arrived in Malaysia on Sunday. About 1,000 police officers will be on hand to watch for protesters during a relay in the capital city Kuala Lampur Monday.
61．When will China's Olympic flame probably reach Mount Everest's summit?
A．April 28        B．May 12        C．June 10        D．May 7
62．The underlined word “barred” means_____________.
A．permitted     B．stopped       C．encouraged    D．introduced 
63．How many times Climbers can reach the top of the mountain at most in May?
A．once               B．twice   
C．three times            D．as many times as they can
64．Where did the torch relay meet no trouble?
A．India          B．Nepal     C．Tanzania          D．France
65．What is the attitude of the Nepali government towards towards China's Olympic flame climb to Mount Everest's summit?
A．negative          B．positive         C．ambiguous            D．Indifferent

Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.

These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （亲社会的）manner in the future.

Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.

Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker（贴纸） with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.

Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.

“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.

1._______ helps children to share more in the future.

A. Rewarding children for sharing                      

B. Forcing children to share

C. Allowing children to share precious things willingly

D. Allowing children to share what they don’t need

2.The underlined word “backfire” means _______.

A. have an opposite effect                                              B. serve as a push

C. cause anger                                                                   D. avoid taking things back

3.Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _______.

A. they regret what they did                                           B. it’s not their own choice        

C. Ellie is not as sad as Doggie                                D. they like to share with a real person

4.We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A. parents will never find a way to get children to share toys

B. a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice

C. children pretend to be generous when they are being observed

D. making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior

B

KATHMANDU, Nepal (CNN) - Nepal has given its security personnel permission to shoot pro-Tibet demonstrators during China's Olympic flame climb to Mount Everest's summit early next month.

"About 25 soldiers and policemen have established camps on the mountain and they have been ordered to use force if necessary to stop any anti-Chinese activities," Mod Raj Dotel, spokesman for the home ministry, said Sunday. "This could mean shooting if necessary."

Security personnel will also check mountain climbers for non-essential expedition materials, Dotel added.

"If anyone is found with anti-Chinese material their permit will be canceled and returned from the mountain," he said.

Chinese climbers plan to take the Olympic flame to the top of the world's highest peak, at 8,848 meters (29,028 feet) as part of the global relay leading up to the August 8 opening of the Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Spring is the most popular season for climbing Mount Everest, which straddles(跨越) the border between Nepal and Tibet, an autonomous region of China.

The Nepali government has given permits to dozens of climbers from 30 expeditions this season.

But between May 1 and May 10, climbers are barred from going above 6,400 meters until the torch run is completed. China plans to take the Olympic flame to the summit sometime then.

Bad weather conditions allow only about two opportunities in May for a push to the summit.

The Chinese have not allowed any expedition to climb the mountain from the north side, according the Kathmandu representative of the Tibet China Mountaineering Association.

Almost every day in the past month, Nepalese police have arrested pro-Tibet protesters from in front of the Chinese Embassy and the United Nations offices. The demonstrators are released later in the evening.  

Supporters of Tibet punish the government's attitude toward the autonomous region, and many believe China should not have been awarded the honor of hosting the Olympic Games.

Earlier torch relay stops in London, England; Paris, France; and San Francisco, California attracted tens of thousands of demonstrators. They led to attacks on the torch and relay participants, and prompted police to make dozens of arrests.

Subsequent stops in Argentina, Tanzania and Oman were trouble-free.

In Pakistan, authorities closed the relay to the public. And India shortened the relay and kept thousands of anti-Chinese protesters at bay by sealing off roads and shuttering buildings along the route.

The relay went smoothly in Bangkok, Thailand, on Saturday, amid heavy security and scattered protests along the route.

The flame arrived in Malaysia on Sunday. About 1,000 police officers will be on hand to watch for protesters during a relay in the capital city Kuala Lampur Monday.

61．When will China's Olympic flame probably reach Mount Everest's summit?

A．April 28     B．May 12        C．June 10        D．May 7

62．The underlined word “barred” means_____________.

A．permitted      B．stopped        C．encouraged     D．introduced 

63．How many times Climbers can reach the top of the mountain at most in May?

A．once             B．twice   

C．three times            D．as many times as they can

64．Where did the torch relay meet no trouble?

A．India          B．Nepal     C．Tanzania         D．France

65．What is the attitude of the Nepali government towards towards China's Olympic flame climb to Mount Everest's summit?

       A．negative         B．positive        C．ambiguous           D．Indifferent

WASHINGTON — Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else, according to researchers.

    Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found on Thursday.

    Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others --- even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.

    “We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.

    They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.

    “Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.

    Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000.

    “Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.

    “Finally, participants who were randomly (随机地) required to spend money on others experienced greater happiness than those required to spend money on themselves,” they said.

    They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.

    “These findings suggest that very minor adjustment in spending allocations (分配) --- as little as $5 --- may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.

    This could also explain why people are no happier even though US society is richer.

    “Indeed, although real incomes have increased dramatically in recent decades, happiness levels have remained largely flat within developed countries across time,” they wrote.

1.

 Dune’s experiment on 630 Americans was to ________.

    A. help people make careful plans for their money                 B. encourage people to be generous to others

    C. see how to spend money is important to happiness               D. test whether $5 is enough to buy happiness

2.

What can we conclude according to the experiment?

    A. Happiness largely depends on the size of your bonus money.

    B. Happiness, as a matter of fact, has nothing to do with money.

    C. The more money you give away, the happier person you will be.

    D. Spending money for the good of society will make you happier.

3.

How many different ways are used by the researchers to test their theory?

    A. Two.               B. Three.             C. Four.            D. Five.

4.

 The last sentence of the passage means _______.

    A. happiness does not necessary increase as money grows

    B. people in richer countries actually have more problems

    C. fast economic growth has a bad effect on people’s life

    D. great increase of income contributes to keeping happiness level stable