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　　WASHINGTON－According to statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 72 officers were killed by criminals in 2011, increased markedly in recently years．

　　The 2011 deaths were the first time that more officers were killed by suspects than car accidents．The number was the highest in nearly two decades, excluding those who died in the Sept．11 attacks in 2001 and the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995．

　　While the F．B．I．and other law enforcement(执行)officials cannot fully explain the reasons for the rise in officer homicides, they are clear about the terrible consequences．

　　“In this law enforcement job, when you pin this badge on and go out on calls, when you leave home, you can't guarantee that you will come back,” said Sheriff Ray Foster of Buchanan County, Va．

　　After a series of killings in early 2011, Attorney General Eric H．Holder Jr．asked federal authorities to work with local police departments to try to come up with solutions to the problem．

　　The F．B．I．, which has tracked officer deaths since 1937, paid for a study conducted by John Jay College that found that in many cases the officers were trying to arrest or stop a suspect who had previously been arrested for a violent crime．

　　That prompted the F．B．I．to change what information it will provide to local police departments, the officials said．Starting this year, when police officers stop a car and call its license plate into the F．B．I．'s database, they will be told whether the owner of the vehicle has a violent history．Through the first three months of this year, the number of police fatalities has dropped, though it is unclear why．

　　Some law enforcement officials believe that techniques pioneered by the New York Police Department over the past two decades and adopted by other departments may have put officers at greater risk by encouraging them to conduct more street stops and to seek out and confront(对抗)suspects who seem likely to be armed．In New York and elsewhere, police officials moved more officers into crime-ridden areas．

　　Some argue that the rise in violence is linked to the tough economy．With less money, police departments, after years of staffing increases, have been forced to make cutbacks(削减)．

　　The police chief in Camden, N．J．, J．Scott Thomson, whose force of 400 was cut by nearly half last year because of financing issues, said that having fewer officers on the street “makes it that much more difficult to create an environment in which criminals do not feel as encouraged to attack another person, let alone a law enforcement officer．”

　　“Every stop can be potentially fatal, so we are trying to make sure the officers are ready and prepared to face deadly force every single day they go out．” Ms．Klimt said．

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　　Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the doctors．I feel there are a number of reasons for this．

　　Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices．This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves．If there were fewer of these restaurants，then probably children would buy less take-away food．

　　There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight．I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops．If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives．

　　There is a third reason for this situation．Children these days take very little exercise．They do not walk to school．When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games．Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣)，it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food．What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports．

　　The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits．

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　　Farmers might think the idea of growing food for fun sounds strange．But there are some people who do it all the time．

　　They grow some vegetables because their natural color or shape is pleasing to see．They grow others because scientists have developed new colors or different size for traditional vegetables．

　　One example is the bell pepper(胡椒)．Seed companies sell seeds for several different kinds of bell peppers．One pepper is a weak yellow color when it begins to grow．Then its color changes to white．As it grows, it changes color two more times-to orange, then red．

　　Another unusual plant is known as the yard-long bean or snake bean．It grows up to one meter in length．It is an important part of the food supply in areas of Asia．

　　American farmers like it because it is different, yet tastes very much like the green beans they traditionally grow．Each bean has from ten to twenty seeds．The outside or pod can be eaten．Some of the very long beans are green outside but have black-and –white or red seed．

　　Gourds(葫芦)are plants that people like to grow because of the many different shapes．They also have many uses．Some round gourds are dried, painted and made into containers．Others have long necks and big bodies．These are dried, cut and made into pour drinking water．

　　Another kind of gourd is used to make sponges(海绵)．When it is fully grown, it is removed from the vine and permitted to dry for a few weeks．Then it is placed in water for a few hours．The outer shell is then removed．The gourd is placed in the sun to dry．When it is fully dry, it is cut into pieces for use as sponges．They have a rough surface．They can be used to clean away dead skin cells, which makes them a popular skin-care product．