（2011·全国II）完形填空

    There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see  there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21____home from work in the evenings. A man will be__22____the newspaper, and seconds later it __23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so ___28____that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of  the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the movement carries the__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36_____ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, ___38____ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. When

people are really ___40_____，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-----no matter where they are.

21. A. way B. track C. path D. road

22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading

23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds

24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish

25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting

26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One

27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns

28. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly

29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch

30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength

31．A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book

32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side

33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose

34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving

35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents

36. A. up B. off C. along D. down

37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong

38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example

39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush

40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy

  

（2011·全国II）A

Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.

The walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools  and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. "When people ask me what ow program is about," she says, "I answer them with one word: hope." Each .year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.

 The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community（社区）．When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been "Safe Streets," "Love and Care," and "Peace Walk."

The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.

 "The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history" says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.

41 ．What can be the best title for the text?

    A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists

    B. MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia

    C. Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist

    D. Hope, One Wall at a Time

42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?

    A. Helping the young find jobs.

    B. Protecting the neighborhood.

    C. Fighting against graffiti.

    D. Attracting more visitors.

43．How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?

    A. By having discussions with people in the community.

    B ．By seeking advice from the city government.

    C ．By learning from the young graffiti writers.

    D. By studying the history of the city.

44. Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?

    A. Difficult. B．Dangerous. C. Experimental．D. Successful.

（2011·全国II）B

 For those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a high

level of intelligence.

Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image（反射出的影像）．Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. "We thought that elephants were the next important animal," said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B．M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants "seemed like cousins to apes and

dolphins."

The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put

an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.

The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.

 Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way."

45. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?

    A. Whether they have large brains.

    B ．Whether they have self-awareness.

    C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.

    D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

46. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?

    A. They are most familiar to readers.

    B ．They are big favorites with zoo visitors.

    C. They are included in the study by Reiss.

    D. They are already known to be intelligent.

47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?

    A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.

    B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.

    C. She painted a mark on her own face.

    D. She found the hidden camera.

（全国II 14）. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.

A. this             B. that             C. one          D. it

（2011·全国II）D

The way we do things round here

Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join

us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite"sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".

So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't

just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．

Some of these differences may be only on the surface一dress, food and hours of work一while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.

Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock

your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the

American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.

52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______．

    A. the American bank didn't think much of him

    B. the American bank might hire another person

    C. it's difficult to get used to American culture

    D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans

53．The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.

    A. encourages B. helps to narrow

    C. increases D. draws attention to

54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?

    A. Ask the native people for help.

    B. Understand and accept them.

    C. Do things in our own way.

    D. Do in-depth research.

55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.

    A. Italians B. Germans C. Greeks D. the British