（2011·重庆卷）B

Mapping Your World

Different forms of maps are appearing. They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visting, from the official to the unusual. Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world. Here are two of our favorites:

Green Maps

Green Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly plaees and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons (图标), making it easy to read any map, whatever the  nationalities of those who produce it. At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries. Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global, map local”. It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of information of a place, ranning from community gardens to good places of birdwatching.

Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website.

Maps Mashups

Many people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Maps Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to exsiting maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World. Heritage Site are, to the most bizarre (古怪的)，such as where America’s drunkest cities are. With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered (多层的) map can be created.

60. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?

A. Aiming at environmental protection.

B. Introducing local attractions with icons.

C. Offering advice to independent travelers.

D. Cllecting icons worldwide for local maps.

61. Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?

A.                          B.

C.                      D.

62. “Map Mashups” is named with the word “mashups” because      

A. it is produced by users all over the world

B. it gathers various kinds of information

C. it shaers icons with Green Maps

D. it is a branch of Google Maps

63. What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?

A. They are created by local people.

B. They are environmentally friendly.

C. Users can edit maps on the Inernet.

D. Users need to communicate with producers.

（2011·重庆卷）C

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16^th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18^th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

64. The kings of France and England in the 16^th century closed bath houses because       .

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.                      B. Curious.

C. Approving.                   D. Uninterested.

66. How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

（2011·重庆卷）E

Skeptics are a stange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。

A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

72. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?

A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.

B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

73. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books?

A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

B. The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld.

C. The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.

D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.

74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_____.

A. voice a different opinion

B. find fault with Lomborg’s book 

C. challenge the authority of the media

D. point out the value of scientific views.

75. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.

C. To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information.

D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

（2011·重庆卷）A

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.

Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.

Sometimes the new bucket would say, “See how capable I am! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I don't know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of space you are!”

And all that the old bucket could say was, “I know I’m not very useful, but I can only do my best. I’m happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least.”

One day, the gardener heard that kind or conversation. After watering the flowers as usual, he said, “You both have done your work very well. Now I am going to carry you back. I want you to look carefully along the path.”

Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare (光秃秃的) earth; on the onther side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.

56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?

A. Dirty                       B. Dark

C. Worn-out                    D. Plain-looking.

57. What was the old bucket ashamed of?

A. His past.                     B. His aging.

C. His manner.                  D. His leaking.

58. The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly to         

A. laugth at the old one

B. take pity on the old one

C. show off its beautiful looks

D. praise the gardener’s kindness

59. Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?

A. Because it was used to keep a balance

B. Because it stayed in its besr condition

C. Because it was taken as a treasure

D. Because it had its own function