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  We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die.Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question.Going back to my internship(实习)days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer.For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication-morphine(吗啡)by the clock.This was not talked about openly and little was written about it.It was essential, not controversial

  The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for.The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident.A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances.So there she was:in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device.One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me.They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines.I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation.The kidney(肾)failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective.While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed.Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.

  Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器)could be removed and she awoke from her coma.About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman.After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone.As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful.All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were."

  The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking.She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly.As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德).The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion.I described the case and asked the students their opinion.After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake.I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide." The instructor and the students were shocked:"You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality.In any event, I went back and met with the nurses.A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment.Soon she died quietly and not in pain.As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you.And don't discuss it with the world first.There is a lesson here for everybody.Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.

(1)

In the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _________.

[  ]

A.

doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for death

B.

doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patient's medical record

C.

doctors would talk about their treatment plan openly

D.

usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life

(2)

The first patient's husband and son wanted the doctor _________.

[  ]

A.

to end her life

B.

to save her life

C.

to operate on her at once

D.

to use an artificial kidney

(3)

In the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?

[  ]

A.

Their wife and mother was going to die.

B.

They doctor didn't do as they asked to.

C.

Their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.

D.

The doctor scolded them for their cruelty

(4)

At the meeting, the author discussed with the students _________.

[  ]

A.

how to help patients end their lives

B.

the importance of mercy killing

C.

the relationship between mercy killing and ethics

D.

the case about an old lady

(5)

The author suggested that doctors _________ before they assist a patient in killing himself.

[  ]

A.

discuss it with the others first

B.

make sure there is no other choice left

C.

be required to do so first by the patient

D.

give the patient enough morphine

(6)

Which of the following can best describe the author?

[  ]

A.

Cruel.

B.

Determined.

C.

Experienced.

D.

Considerate.

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完形填空。
     The books in David's schoolbag felt like bricks as he ran down the street. What he wanted to do was to
play basketball with Eric,   1   his mother told him he would have to return his sister's books to the library
first.
     He had   2   se foot in a library and he wasn't about to do so today. He would just   3   the books in the
outside return box. But there was a   4  ; it was locked.
     He went into the building, only a few minutes   5   closing time. He put the books into the return box. And
after a brief   6   in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to   7   Eric.
     David stepped out of the toilet and stopped in   8   -the library lights were off. The place was   9  . The
doors had been shut. They  10  be opened from the inside, he was trapped (被困)-in a library!
     He tried to  11  a telephone call, but was unable to  12 . What's more, the pay phones were on the outside
of the building.  13  the sun began to set, he searched for a light and found it. 
      14  he could see. David wrote on a piece of paper:" 15 ! I'm TRAPPED inside!" and stuck it to the glass
door.  16 , someone passing by would see it.
     He was surprised to discover that this place was not so unpleasant,  17 . Rows and rows of shelves held
books, videos and music. He saw a book about Michael Jordan and took it off the shelf. He settled into a chair
and started to  18 .
     He knew he had to  19 , but now, that didn't seem to be such a  20  thing.
(     )1. A. but       
(     )2. A. ever      
(     )3. A. pass      
(     )4. A. problem   
(     )5. A. during    
(     )6. A. rest      
(     )7. A. visit     
(     )8. A. delight   
(     )9. A. lonely    
(     )10. A. wouldn’t
(     )11. A. make     
(     )12. A. get on   
(     )13. A. If       
(     )14. A. On time        
(     )15. A. Come     
(     )16. A. Surely   
(     )17. A. at most  
(     )18. A. watch    
(     )19. A. wait     
(     )20. A. bad      
B. because        
B. nearly         
B. drop         
B. mistake         
B. after           
B. break         
B. meet          
B. anger       
B. empty           
B. shouldn’t    
B. fix          
B. get up          
B. As            
B. Now and then       
B. Help            
B. Thankfully  
B. after all     
B. play          
B. stand         
B. cool          
C. or              
C. never           
C. carry            
C. case            
C. over              
C. walk             
C. catch        
C. surprise         
C. noisy                
C. couldn’t      
C. use            
C. get through       
C. Though           
C. By the way     
C. Hello             
C. Truly              
C. in short      
C. read              
C. sleep              
C. strange       
D. since        
D. often         
D. take         
D. question      
D. before          
D. stop         
D. greet         
D. eagerness                  
D. crowded         
D. needn’t   
D. pick         
D. get in       
D. Until        
D. At last       
D.  Sorry       
D. Gradually       
D. as usual   
D. write        
D. work           
D. nice    

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完形填空。
     The books in David's schoolbag felt like bricks as he ran down the street. What he wanted to do was to
play basketball with Eric,   1   his mother told him he would have to return his sister's books to the library
first.
     He had   2   set foot in a library and he wasn't about to do so today. He would just   3   the books in the
outside return box. But there was a   4  ; it was locked.
     He went into the building, only a few minutes   5   closing time. He put the books into the return box. And
after a brief   6   in the toliet, he would be on his way to the playground to   7   Eric.
     David stepped out of the toliet and stopped in   8   the library lights were off. The place was   9  . The
doors had been shut. They  10  be opened from the inside, he was trapped (被困) in a library!
     He tried to  11  a telephone call, but was unable to  12 . What's worse, the pay phones were on the outside
of the building.  13  the sun began to set, he searched for a light and found it. 
      14  he could see. David wrote on a piece of paper:" 15  ! I'm TRAPPED inside!" and stuck it to the glass
door.  16 , someone passing by would see it.
     He was surprised to discover that this place was not so unpleasant,  17 . Rows and rows of shelves held
books, videos and music. He saw a book about Michael Jordan and took it off the shelf. He settled into a chair
and started to  18 .
     He knew he had to  19 , but now, that didn't seem to be such a  20  thing.
(     )1. A. but    
(     )2. A. ever   
(     )3. A. pass   
(     )4. A. problem
(     )5. A. during 
(     )6. A. rest   
(     )7. A. visit  
(     )8. A. delight
(     )9. A. lonely 
(     )10. A. wouldn't
(     )11. A. make   
(     )12. A. get on 
(     )13. A. If     
(     )14. A. On time   
(     )15. A. Come   
(     )16. A. Surely 
(     )17. A. at most
(     )18. A. watch  
(     )19. A. wait   
(     )20. A. bad    
B. because    
B. nearly     
B. drop         
B. mistake     
B. after     
B. break        
B. meet        
B. anger       
B. empty      
B. shouldn't  
B. fix         
B. get up      
B. As        
B. Now and then   
B. Help        
B. Thankfully
B. after all  
B. play       
B. stand        
B. cool      
C. or            
C. never         
C. carry         
C. case         
C. over         
C. walk          
C. catch         
C. surprise       
C. noisy         
C. couldn't   
C. use           
C. get through   
C. Though          
C. By the way 
C. Hello         
C. Truly       
C. in short     
C. read          
C. sleep         
C. strange  
D. since           
D. often           
D. take            
D. question        
D. before          
D. stop            
D. greet             
D. eagemess                   
D. crowded          
D. needn't       
D. pick                
D. get in       
D. Until                 
D. At last    
D. Sorry           
D. Gradually           
D. as usual    
D. write           
D. work             
D. nice         

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完形填空
     The books in David's schoolbag felt like bricks as he ran down the street. What he wanted to do was
to play basketball with Eric,   1  his mother told him he would have to return his sister's books to the
library first.
      He had   2   set foot in a library and he wasn't about to do so today. He would just   3  the books in
the outside return box. But there was a   4  : it was locked.
     He went into the building, only a few minutes   5  closing time. He put the books into the return box.
And after a brief   6  in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to    7  Eric.
     David stepped out of the toilet and stopped in   8  - the library lights were off. The place was   9  .
The doors had been shut. They   10  be opened from the inside, he was trapped(被困) - in a library!
     He tried to   11  a telephone call, but was unable to  12 . What's more, the pay phones were on the
outside of the building.  13 the sun began to set, he searched for a light and found it.
 14  he could see. David wrote on a piece of paper: "  15  ! I'm TRAPPED inside!" and stuck it to the
glass door.  16 , someone passing by would see it.
      He was surprised to discover that this place was not so unpleasant  17  . Rows and rows of shelves
held books, videos and music. He saw a book about Michael Jordan and took it off the shelf. He settled
into a chair and started to   18  .
     He knew he had to   19  , but now, that didn't seem to be such a  20  thing.
(     )1. A. but        
(     )2. A. ever        
(     )3. A. pass        
(     )4. A. problem    
(     )5. A. during      
(     )6. A. rest        
(     )7. A. visit      
(     )8. A. delight    
(     )9. A. lonely      
(     )10. A. wouldn't  
(     )11. A. make      
(     )12. A. get on    
(     )13. A. If        
(     )14. A. On time    
(     )15. A. Come      
(     )16. A. Surely    
(     )17. A. at most    
(     )18. A. watch      
(     )19. A. wait      
(     )20. A. bad        
B. because        
B. nearly          
B. drop            
B. mistake        
B. after          
B. break          
B. meet            
B. anger          
B. empty          
B. shouldn't    
B. fix            
B. get up          
B. As              
B. Now and then    
B. Help            
B. Thankfully      
B. after all      
B. play            
B. stand          
B. cool            
                  
C. or          
C. never        
C. carry        
C. case        
C. over        
C. walk        
C. catch        
C. surprise    
C. noisy       
C. couldn't
C. use          
C. get through  
C. Though      
C. By the way  
C. Hello        
C. Truly        
C. in short    
C. read        
C. sleep        
C. strange      
D. since        
D. often        
D. take        
D. question    
D. before      
D. stop        
D. greet        
D. eagerness    
D. crowded      
D. needn't
D. pick        
D. get in      
D. Until        
D. At last      
D. Sorry        
D. Gradually    
D. as usual    
D. write        
D. work        
D. nice        

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The books in David’s schoolbag felt like bricks as he ran down the street. What he wanted to do was to play basketball with Eric,  21  his mother told him he would have to return his sister’s books to the library first.

He had  22   set foot in a library and he wasn’t about to do so today. He would just  23  the books in the outside return box. But there was a  24  :it was locked.

He went into the building, only a few minutes  25  closing time. He put the books into the return box. And after a brief  26  in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to  27  Eric.

David stepped out of the toilet and stopped in  28  — the library lights were off. The place was  29 . The doors had been shut. They  30  be opened from the inside. He was trapped(被困) — in a library!

He tried to  31  a telephone call, but was unable to  32 . What’s worse, the pay phones were on the outside of the building.  33  the sun began to set, he searched for a light and found it.

 34  he could see. David wrote on a piece of paper: “  35  ! I’m TRAPPED inside!” and stuck it to the glass door.  36  , someone passing by would see it.

He was surprised to discover that this place was not so unpleasant,  37  . Rows and rows of shelves held books, videos and music. He saw a book about Michael Jordan and took it off the shelf. He settled into a chair and started to  38  .

He knew he had to  39  , but now, that didn’t seem to be such a  40  thing.

21. A. but                    B. because                   C. or                           D. since

22. A. ever                   B. nearly                     C. never               D. often

23. A. pass                   B. drop                               C. carry                D. take

24. A. problem            B. mistake                   C. case                 D. question

25. A. during               B. after                               C. over                 D. before

26. A. rest                    B. break                      C. walk                D. stop

27. A. visit                   B. meet                       C. catch                D. greet

28.A. delight                B. anger                      C. surprise                   D. eagerness

29. A. lonely                B. empty                     C. noisy                D. crowded

30. A. wouldn’t                   B. shouldn’t                 C. couldn’t                  D. needn’t

31. A. make                 B. fix                                 C. use                   D. pick

32. A. get on                B. get up                     C. get through               D. get in

33. A. If                             B. As                                  C. Though                   D. Until

34. A. On time                    B. Now and then                 C. By the way               D. At last

35. A. Come                B. Help                       C. Hello                      D. Sorry

36. A. Surely               B. Thankfully               C. Truly                      D. Gradually

37. A. at most              B. after all                   C. in short                   D. as usual

38. A. watch                B. play                        C. read                D. write

39. A. wait                   B. stand                       C. sleep               D. work

40. A. bad                    B. cool                        C. strange                    D. nice

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