题目列表(包括答案和解析)
Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(奖券)-some rocks, for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
1．Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are .
A．more serious about what they get
B．attentive to researchers’ instructions
C．nice in both appearance and behaviors
D．more ready to help others than their male companions
2．The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that_______.
A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows
B．feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature
C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other
D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings
3．When one monkey received a grape for free, the other would .
A．not be willing to hand over her token
B．shake her hands and get angry
C．have to exchange her token for the cucumber
D．refuse to accept the cucumber
4．Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human beings’ feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.
B．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.
C．Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.
D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating from 35 million years ago.
5．What can we learn about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?
A．They can be trained to develop social senses.
B．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
C．They may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.
D．They feel angry when they receive small rewards.
Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(奖券)-some rocks, for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
1．Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are .
A．more serious about what they get
B．attentive to researchers’ instructions
C．nice in both appearance and behaviors
D．more ready to help others than their male companions
2．The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that_______.
A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows
B．feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature
C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other
D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings
3．When one monkey received a grape for free, the other would .
A．not be willing to hand over her token
B．shake her hands and get angry
C．have to exchange her token for the cucumber
D．refuse to accept the cucumber
4．Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human beings’ feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.
B．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.
C．Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.
D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating from 35 million years ago.
5．What can we learn about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?
A．They can be trained to develop social senses.
B．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
C．They may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.
D．They feel angry when they receive small rewards.
Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(奖券)-some rocks, for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
1．Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are .
A．more serious about what they get
B．attentive to researchers’ instructions
C．nice in both appearance and behaviors
D．more ready to help others than their male companions
2．The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that_______.
A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows
B．feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature
C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other
D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings
3．When one monkey received a grape for free, the other would .
A．not be willing to hand over her token
B．shake her hands and get angry
C．have to exchange her token for the cucumber
D．refuse to accept the cucumber
4．Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human beings’ feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.
B．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.
C．Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.
D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating from 35 million years ago.
5．What can we learn about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?
A．They can be trained to develop social senses.
B．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
C．They may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.
D．They feel angry when they receive small rewards.
Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 21_,he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy,but rather when he was 22 and ill.
My father was 23 a strong man who loved being active, but a terrible illness 24 all that away.Now he can no longer walk and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is 25 . One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We started 26 about life,and I told them about one of my 27 . I said that we must very often give things up 28 we grow—our youth, our beauty, our friends---but it always 29 that after we give something up,we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father 30 up. He said, “But, Peter,I gave up 31 ! What did I gain?” I thought and thought, but I could not think of anything to say. 32 , he answered his own question: “I 33 the love of my family.” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes,along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also 34 by his words. After that, when I began to feel irritated(恼怒的)at someone, I 35 remember his words and become 36 . If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others, then I should be 37 to give up my small irritations. In this 38 ,I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I 39 what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For now, though, I am grateful for this one 40 .
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Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 1 , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was 2 and ill.
My father was 3 a strong man who loved being active, but a terrible illness 4 all that away. Now he can no longer walk, and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is 5 . One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We started 6 about life, and I told them about one of my 7 . I said that we must very often give things up 8 we grow --- our youth, our beauty, our friends --- but it always 9 that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father 10 up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up 11 ! What did I gain?” I thought and thought, but I couldn’t think of anything to say. 12 , he answered his own question: “I 13 the love of my family,” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also 14 by his words. After that, when I began to feel irritated （愤怒的） at someone, I 15 remember his words and become 16 . If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others, then I should be 17 to give up my small irritations. In this 18 , I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I 19 what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For now, though, I am grateful for this one 20 .
1. A．Afterwards B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile
2. A．tired B．weak C．poor D．slow
3. A．already B．still C．only D．once
4. A．took B．threw C．sent D．put
5. A．impossible B．difficult C．stressful D．Hopeless
6. A．worrying B．caring C．talking D．asking
7. A．decisions B．experiences C．ambitions D．beliefs
8. A．as B．since C．before D．till
9. A．suggests B．promises C．seems D．requires
10. A．spoke B．turned C．summed D．opened
11. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
12. A．Surprisingly B．Immediately C．Naturally D．Certainly
13. A．had B．accepted C．gained D．enjoyed
14. A．touched B．astonished C．attracted D．warned
15. A．should B．could C．would D．might
16. A．quiet B．calm C．Relaxed D．happy
17. A．ready B．likely C．free D．able
18. A．case B．form C．method D．way
19. A．doubt B．wonder C．know D．guess
20. A．award B．gift C．lesson D．word
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