External bleeding
（1）Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7~10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and allow the blood to drain out through the bandage.
（2）Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure.
（3）Know the pressure points. If direct pressure and elevation don't sufficiently slow the bloodflow, find a pressure point. Large arteries(动脉) found close to the skin's surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases（皱纹） above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your finger.
（4）Resort to a tourniquet（止雪带，压脉器）.On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet ONLY if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical personal will know how long it has been in place.
59. According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should _____.
A. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it

B. spread some salve (药膏) on the wound
C. pressed the wound firmly with your finger D. place a clean bandage over the wound
60. If the blood soak through the cloth, you should _____.
A. change a clean one immediately　　　　　 B. wash the wound at once
C. press the wound firmly with your hand　 D. cover that one with another one and press it
61. The underlined word in the sentence “apply” means _____.
A. 申请　　　　　　　　 B.应用　　　　　　　 C. 实施　　　　　 D. 生效
62. According to the passage, we know that _____.
A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding
B. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg
C. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding
D. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the crease above the upper legs

In the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, nearly fifty out of every one hundred thousand people live to celebrate their hundredth birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only three in one hundred thousand people reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live in the Himalaya Mountains and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains, seem to share the secret of long life, too. These people remain healthy in body and spirit in spite of the passage of time. While many persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “well，perhaps at the age of 80,” and the very youngest estimate was at the age of 60.

What accounts for this ability to survive to such an old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all these long – lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop.

All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. This environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation (隔离). To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. Inherited（遗传的）factors also play some role.

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

64. Why does the writer mention some long – lived people in the first paragraph?

　　　 A. To introduce the subject of the article.

　　　 B. To surprise his readers with some facts.

　　　 C. To tell the difference between people in the Soviet Union and America.

　　　 D. To tell you why Americans don’t live as long as other people.

65. From the writer’s viewpoint, industrial society　　　　 .

　　　 A. is highly developed and beneficial to people

　　　 B. is a great advance in human history

　　　 C. is full of pressures and therefore bad for health

　　　 D. can make people’s life better and better

66. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　　 A. It is beneficial for people to work and live in industrial society.

　　　 B. People should relax themselves from high pressures of life in industrial society.

　　　 C. The more hard physical work you do, the more healthy you will be.

　　　 D. People’s health mainly depends on inherited factors.

67. The following factors except _________ contribute to the health and long life of all these people．

A. clean mountain air　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. daily hard work

C. good genes　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. pressures and worries