阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　 Attention deficit（不足）hyperactivity（活动过度）disorder is known by the letters A．D．H D．Children with A．D．H．D．might have trouble paying attention．They might not seem to listen and might forget things．They might not be able to stay seated or play quietly．They might talk too much and act and speak without thinking about the results of their behavior．These are among the signs named on the web site of America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention．

Doctors usually identify the disorder in children．But experts say the behaviors often last into adulthood．Researchers have been looking for the cause or causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder．Now, a brain-imaging study offers more evidence that could lead to new ways to treat it．Researchers say they observed shortages in the brain's reward system in patients with A．D．H．D．The study found that levels of some proteins were lower than normal．Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, says the lack of attention and self –control that mark A.B.H.D. could be caused by problem in the flow of dopamine（多巴胺）. She says people might have difficulty completing an activity if they cannot expect some kind of reward in return. Researchers studied the pathways on which dopamine travels and A.D.H.D. Doctor Volkow says the researchers then compared the pathways to those of 44 adults without the disorder. “There was a lower concentration of dopamine markers in the brain of individuals with A.D.H.D., specifically in the areas of the brain that are involved with reward and motivation. And the dopamine levels were directly linked to the severity, of the patient’s inattention she says.”

The study used brain images taken at Brookhaven National Laboratory in new York State. Gene-Jack Wang is chairman of the Brookdhaven medical department. He says the finding might also help explain why people with A.D.H.D.

 

are more likely to abuse drugs or overeat. He says they might be attempting to increase their dopamine levels to make up for the deficits in their reward system.

Title	●The finding of (1)
The (2)　　 of Children with A.D.H.D.	●They are lacking in (3)　　 . ●Perhaps they don’t seem to listen. ●Perhaps they are(4)　 . ●Perhaps they can’t sit for (5)　　 or play quietly. ●They might talk too much and act and speak without(6)　　　 the results of their behavior
The (7)　　　 of A.D.H.D.	●patients with A.D.H.D are (8)　 of the brain’s reward. ●Levels of some proteins are lower than normal. ●Levels of dopamine are(9)　　 as well.
Reasons of abusing Drugs	●They are trying to (10)　　 their dopamine.

 

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Scientists have uncovered the exact difference between man and mouse.

　　Teams of scientists from around the world will publish today the draft (草图) genome (基因组) of the mouse, which enables them for the first time to compare another mammal's entire DNA directly with that of humans.

　　The similarities are far greater than the differences. Man and mouse share a common ancestor that lived more than 70 million years ago, which has allowed scientists to find treatments for a good many human diseases.

　　British members of the project say the draft mouse genome, published in the journal Nature, has provided the “phrasebook for scientists to translate the language of the human genome.”

　　“The entire biomedical research community can for the first time fully use this resource to deal with human diseases. They will now have powerful tools that will serve them for many years to come,” said Dr. Jane Rogers, head of sequencing at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which did 20 percent of the work.

　　Comparisons show almost every gene in the mouse has a corresponding (对应的) gene in humans－a 99 percent similarity that should help to find how each human gene works. Already the work has been able to show that man and mouse each have about 30,000 genes yet only 300 or so are unique to either species, increasing the value of the lab mouse as a “model” for human genetics.

　　This is an extraordinary milestone. For the first time we have an opportunity to see ourselves in an evolutionary (进化的) mirror. The mouse genome stands for a very important chapter in the lab notebook of evolution. By taking away genes to create sick mice, scientists have been able to reproduce a number of human disorders. Knowing the entire genomes of humans and mice will enable them to employ the technique more widely, leading to a rapid development in the understanding of illnesses.

1．Scientists have found that________.

[　　]

A．men and mice are actually the same kind of animal

B．mice are actually the ancestors of human beings

C．the genome of mice is the same as that of humans

D．humans and mice most probably have developed from the same ancestor

2．The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that________.

[　　]

A．man has finally found his tree ancestor

B．it will be easier for people to find the causes of human diseases and cure them

C．it has enabled the scientists to compare human DNA with that of another mammal

D．it makes it possible for man to understand the complicated language of his genome

3．The underlined word “unique” in the sixth paragraph probably means________.

[　　]

4．It can be inferred that________.

[　　]

A．every gene of a mouse works in the same way as that of a human being

B．it has become easier for humans to find their real ancestor

C．more mice will be used in scientific experiments

D．scientists will use fewer mice in their experiments to protect them

5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

[　　]

A．Mouse's “Book of Life” May Provide Cures for Human Diseases

B．Mice and Men Are the Same

C．Man and Mouse Share a Common Ancestor

D．The Difference Between Man and Mouse

How would you feel if someone gave you an envelope with a description of every one of your genes? Supposing this information could tell you what illnesses you were likely to get, or even what illness you might die of, would you open the envelope?

It's a difficult question to answer. But the fact is that scientists have already begun to discover how certain genes influence us. And in the next decade, they will learn a lot more.

We have known for a long time that many of our physical characteristics are inherited. For example, our eye colour and certain diseases are decided by our genes. As long as you have a good diet, scientists can predict your height by looking at your parents' heights. And we now know that the need to wear glasses has a genetic cause. Our eating habits also appear to be decided by our genes!

With other characteristics, things are not so clear. Certainly, scientists have now shown that some traits are strongly influenced by our genes. Do you prefer getting up early or late? To a great extent, it's your genes that decide, Do you enjoy dangerous sports such as car racing? There is a gene that influences how much excitement we need.

But with most psychological characteristics, scientists are learning that both our genes and our environment affect us. This is true of things such as how violent we are, and how well we get on with other people. So, even though scientists may soon be able to describe our genes in detail, it does not mean they will be able to predict our future with any real success.

Nonetheless, the fact is that scientists will be able to "read" our genes in the near future. This will create new problems. To give a few examples, insurance companies may not want to insure people whose genes predict certain illnesses. Employers may not want to employ people who have a gene for violence. One thing is already clear -- with these new developments, life is going to become even more complicated!

56. Which characteristics is mostly likely to be inherited?

A. Eye color.　　 B. Interest.　　　 C. Future.　　 D. Ability.

57. What kind of problem will these new developments create?

A. You may die of a certain illness described in the envelope.

B. There will be an increased number of violent people.

C. People may take part in dangerous sports such as car racing.

D. Insurance companies may refuse to insure people with a gene for certain disease.

58. Why won’t scientists be able to tell us a lot about our future?

A. Because we’re affected not only by our genes but also by our environment.

B. Because scientists will not able to read our genes in the near future.

C. Because life in the future will be more complicated.

D. Because scientists can’t describe our genes in detail.