Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.1__ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 2__ on both sides with many various   3_ .

Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of goods: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.   4  , some shops offered   5   .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6   in the 1950s, a change began to take place. Too many cars had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were  7  to shoppers. Because- the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with   8   at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space was what their car-driving  9  needed.

And open space was what merchants got  10   the first shopping centers were built Shopping centers, or rather malls,  11  as a collection of small new stores  12  crowded city centers.  13   by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from   14 areas to out-lying malls. And the growing   15  of shopping centers led  16  to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.

17   the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost  18  into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the  19  of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped（园林化）parks,  20   benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

1．A．Finally                            B．Early                    C．Late                  D．Lately

2．A．built                               B．designed               C．intended             D．lined

3．A．factories                         B．trees                     C．businesses         D．hospitals

4．A．In addition                      B．Therefore              C．On the contrary  D．As well

5．A．accommodation               B．information           C．technology         D．services

6．A．And                               B．Thus                    C．So                     D．But

7．A．special                            B．available                C．closed               D．reliable

8．A．surprise                          B．delight                  C．interest              D．horror

9．A．customers                      B．bosses                  C．workers             D．staff

10．A．when                            B．while                    C．since                 D．because

11．A．changed                        B．started                  C．provided            D．organized

12．A．within                           B．near                      C．next to               D．away from

13．A．Suggested                     B．Attacked               C．Attracted           D．Confused

14．A．public                           B．private                  C．outdoor             D．downtown

15．A．popularity                     B．beauty                  C．distinction          D．expense

16．A．out of turn                    B．in turn                  C．out of order       D．in order

17．A．By                                B．During                  C．In                     D．Towards

18．A．increased                      B．shrunk                  C．developed          D．decreased

19．A．regulation                      B．relation                 C．convenience       D．confidence

20．A．around                          B．besides                 C．with                  D．without

Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.

         The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”

         Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.

         The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.

         Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”

         Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.

         He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”

1.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Have the opposite effect.                                           B. Lead to conflict.

C. Drive people mad.                                                        D. Help a lot.    

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Surface acting is good for organizations.

B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.

C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.

D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.

3.The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.

A. employees                      B. employers                       C. researchers                     D. customers.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Solution to feeling unhappy

B. How to cultivate positive emotions

C. How to improve workers’ productivity

D. Fake smiling makes you miserable

 

       Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.

       The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”

       Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.

       The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.

       Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”

       Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.

       He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”

63. What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

       A. Have the opposite effect.                               B. Lead to conflict.

       C. Drive people mad.                                        D. Help a lot. 

64. What can we learn from the passage?

       A. Surface acting is good for organizations.

       B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.

       C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.

       D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.

65. The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.

       A. employees                B. employers                 C. researchers               D. customers.

66. What would be the best title for the passage?

       A. Solution to feeling unhappy                           B. How to cultivate positive emotions

       C. How to improve workers’ productivity           D. Fake smiling makes you miserable