Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星 ) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable（可忍受的）. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation（辐射） from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered until the birth of abnormal children or even grandchildren.

Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ____.

A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space

B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival

D. it screens off the falling meteors

2. We know from the passage that ____.

A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is deadly

B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming

C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D. astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage

3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ____

A. is significant            B. seems overestimated

C. is enormous             D. remains unknown

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

A. the Apollo mission was very successful

B. protection from space radiation is no easy job

C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren

D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers

45. The best title for this passage would be ____.

A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment   B. Research on Radiation

C. Effects of Space Radiation             D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

Energy drinks are now available (可购得的) in nearly every store and they promise to make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. these products have names like Red Bull , Monster, 5-Hour Energy and so on, which appeal mainly to young adults and teenagers.

Chad is a medical researcher who got interested in studying energy drinks because of the explosion (猛增) in their popularing in the last few years.He says he and his research team have found three major things about energy drinks. One: there are huandreds of brands of energy drinks in most major countries. Two: the drinks are not clearly labeled (用标签标明) with enough information such as what are contained in the drink, the date and even t names of their makers. And three: the amount of caffeine ( 加啡因) varies greatly. Some contain as little as fifty milligrams, others as much as five hundred.

Some energy drinks contain a mixture of ingredients (配料) listed as an “energy blend”. But scientists do not know a lot about them and how they interact with each other. These ingredients may be dangerous for people who drink them. What is worse , he says, there is no listing of the amount of each ingredient. Some makers of energy drinks do provide warnings. For example, a popular energy drink warns against use by people who are nursing a baby or under the age of twelve.

Chad and his team suggest labeling energy drinks with the amount of caffeine and other ingredients clearly in order to protect the health of the public. And the government officials are considering their suggestions now.

1. What do the energy drinks promise to do? (no more than 10 words)

______________________________________________________________

2. Why did Chad get interested in studying energy drinks? (no more than12 words)

_______________________________________________________________

3. Who are the main users of energy drinks? (no more than5 words)

_______________________________________________________________

4. Please explain the underlined word “interact” in English. (no more than8 words)

第二节  读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）            阅读下面的短文，然后根据

以下的任务和写作要求，写一篇150词以上的英语短文。

   【写作内容】  本篇文章叙述的是 “假如我又回到了童年，我就会有各种各样的设想” 这样一个主题。请阅读下面这篇文章后，简明扼要地复述这篇文章的基本内容以及本篇文章的主旨大意；然后根据这篇文章所叙述的各种各样的情况，结合现实生活，用120词以上就“If I were a boy again, …”为标题，谈一谈假如你又回到了童年，你的设想又是什么呢？

If I were a boy again, I would practise my perseverance（毅力） more often, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer(战胜) darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius（天赋） in its results. If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention would become part of our life if we began early enough. If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation（培养）of the memory. I would strengthen that skill by every possible way, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; But memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.

【写作要求】    

1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 

2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。

If I were a boy again, …

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星 ) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable（可忍受的）. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation（辐射） from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered until the birth of abnormal children or even grandchildren.
Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ____.
A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space
B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth
C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival
D. it screens off the falling meteors
2. We know from the passage that ____.
A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is deadly
B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration
D. astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage
3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ____
A. is significant            B. seems overestimated
C. is enormous             D. remains unknown
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. the Apollo mission was very successful
B. protection from space radiation is no easy job
C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren
D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers
45. The best title for this passage would be ____.
A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment   B. Research on Radiation
C. Effects of Space Radiation             D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation