阅读文章后，从第54至58题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
Most people call it "body language" —the clues（线索） to the meaning that we get from gesture, facial expressions, posture —everything that isn't spoken．Experts call it "nonverbal communication," but it means the same thing: a second source of human communication that is often more reliable to understanding what is really going on than the words themselves．
Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives．However, most of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research．
There is a belief that people with shifty （变化的） eyes are probably lying．As Paul Ekman says, "When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking（眨眼） and shifty eyes were the winners．But sometimes people act like that because they are shy．Liars pretend to be calm in order not to be caught．
Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief．Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying．Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes．To understand what someone's behavior means, you have to watch them carefully．
There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better．As a result people would like to make initial （开始的） contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human．Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds, but any eye contact that is longer than that can make us nervous．
In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment．Experts suggest that unless you know about someone's basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language．In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages．
【小题1】According to the passage, body language is _____．

A．a language that is not spoken	B．a clue to get the meaning
C．a reflection of people's behaviors	D．a source of human communication

【小题2】The word "that" in paragraph 3 refers to ____．

A．blinking

B．lying

C．staring

D．pretending

【小题3】From the passage we can learn that ____．

A．there is no doubt that a liar has shifty eyes

B．people sometimes blink because of shyness

C．eye contact lasting a few seconds can make us nervous

D．understanding body language is more helpful in business

【小题4】How many examples are given by the writer to support his point of view?

A．1．

B．2．

C．3．

D．4．

【小题5】It can be inferred from the passage that _____．

A．body language is trustworthy in telling who is lying

B．body language helps us better understand other people

C．sometimes we can't judge a person by watching his body language

D．the speaker and the speaking environment are important to a person's body language

…That’s my second piece of advice, very simple: Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility not just for your successes; take responsibility where you fall short as well.
Now, the truth is, no matter how hard you work, you’re not going to ace (取得好成绩) every class. You’re not going to succeed the first time you try something. There are going to be times when you screw up (弄糟). There will be times where you hurt people you love. There will be times when you make a mistake and you stray (偏离) from the values that you hold most deeply.
And when that happens, it’s the easiest thing in the world to start looking around for somebody else to blame. Your professor was too hard; the coaches were playing favorites; your friend just didn’t understand.
No, but this is an easy habit to get into. You see it every day in Washington — every day -—folks calling each other names, making all sorts of accusations on television. Everybody is always pointing a finger at somebody else. You notice that?
Now, this community could have easily gone down that road. This community could have made excuses — well, our kids have fewer advantages, our schools have fewer resources — how can we compete? You could have spent years pointing fingers— blaming parents, blaming teachers, blaming the principal , blaming the superintendent.
But that’s — Class of 2010, I want you to pay attention on this because that’s not what happened. Instead, this community was honest with itself about where you were falling short. You decided to do better, push your kids harder, open their minds wider, expose them to all kinds of ideas and people and experiences.
So, graduates, I hope you’ll continue those efforts. Don’t make excuses. And I hope that wherever you go, you won’t narrow the broad intellectual and social exposure you’ve had here at Kalamazoo Central — instead, seek to expand it. Don’t just hang out with people who look like you or share your political views. Broaden your circle to include people with different backgrounds and life experiences, because that’s how you’ll end up learning what it’s like to walk in somebody else’s shoes. That’s how you’ll come to understand the challenges other people face.
And this is not just an academic exercise. It’s a way to broaden your ambit (范围) of concern and learn to see yourselves in each other.
—adapted from US President Barack Obama’s graduation ceremony speech at the Kalamazoo Central High School.
【小题1】 The underlined words “fall short” in Paragraph 1 probably mean         .

A．make a decision	B．begin to experience something
C．have someone else to blame	D．fail to reach a standard

【小题2】 The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to         .

A．misunderstanding your friends	B．straying from the values you hold
C．making accusations on television	D．blaming someone else for your mistake

【小题3】 We can infer from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that the community         .

A．has got used to making excuses	B．has lived up to its responsibility
C．is satisfied with itself	D．provides fewer resources than it used to

【小题4】 In the last two paragraphs, Obama calls on the graduates to         .

A．welcome different ideas, people and experiences

B．participate in as many social activities as they can

C．make friends with people who share their polit­ical views

D．be honest and concerned about the community

…That’s my second piece of advice, very simple: Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility not just for your successes; take responsibility where you fall short as well.

Now, the truth is, no matter how hard you work, you’re not going to ace (取得好成绩) every class. You’re not going to succeed the first time you try something. There are going to be times when you screw up (弄糟). There will be times where you hurt people you love. There will be times when you make a mistake and you stray (偏离) from the values that you hold most deeply.

And when that happens, it’s the easiest thing in the world to start looking around for somebody else to blame. Your professor was too hard; the coaches were playing favorites; your friend just didn’t understand.

No, but this is an easy habit to get into. You see it every day in Washington — every day -—folks calling each other names, making all sorts of accusations on television. Everybody is always pointing a finger at somebody else. You notice that?

Now, this community could have easily gone down that road. This community could have made excuses — well, our kids have fewer advantages, our schools have fewer resources — how can we compete? You could have spent years pointing fingers— blaming parents, blaming teachers, blaming the principal , blaming the superintendent.

But that’s — Class of 2010, I want you to pay attention on this because that’s not what happened. Instead, this community was honest with itself about where you were falling short. You decided to do better, push your kids harder, open their minds wider, expose them to all kinds of ideas and people and experiences.

So, graduates, I hope you’ll continue those efforts. Don’t make excuses. And I hope that wherever you go, you won’t narrow the broad intellectual and social exposure you’ve had here at Kalamazoo Central — instead, seek to expand it. Don’t just hang out with people who look like you or share your political views. Broaden your circle to include people with different backgrounds and life experiences, because that’s how you’ll end up learning what it’s like to walk in somebody else’s shoes. That’s how you’ll come to understand the challenges other people face.

And this is not just an academic exercise. It’s a way to broaden your ambit (范围) of concern and learn to see yourselves in each other.

—adapted from US President Barack Obama’s graduation ceremony speech at the Kalamazoo Central High School.

1. The underlined words “fall short” in Paragraph 1 probably mean         .

A. make a decision                       B. begin to experience something

C. have someone else to blame            D. fail to reach a standard

2. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to         .

A. misunderstanding your friends         B. straying from the values you hold

C. making accusations on television      D. blaming someone else for your mistake

3. We can infer from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that the community         .

A. has got used to making excuses            B. has lived up to its responsibility

C. is satisfied with itself                  D. provides fewer resources than it used to

4. In the last two paragraphs, Obama calls on the graduates to         .

A. welcome different ideas, people and experiences

B. participate in as many social activities as they can

C. make friends with people who share their polit­ical views

D. be honest and concerned about the community

 

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1]Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What's your name？”. Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

[2]People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ___________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith；a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

[3]Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”； Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”；Donald means “world ruler”； Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．

[4]The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably Lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

[5]Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important  workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are：Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart；Potter—a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbours in their native village. The Carpenter's great­great­great­grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

[6]Sometimes_people_were_known_for_the_colour_of_their_hair_or_skin，or_their_size，or_their_special_abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

[7]Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English­speaking people added ­s or ­son. The Johnsons are descendants of John;  the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and  Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of  the MacDonnells and the McDonneils and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

1.What is the best title of the passage? (no more than10 words)

_______________________________________________________

2.Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(no more than 10 words)

_______________________________________________________

3.According to the passage, what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?

_______________________________________________________

4.List three aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.

(1)___________　(2)___________　(3)___________

5.Translate the underlined sentence in the 6th paragraph into Chinese.

_______________________________________________________

 

阅读文章后，从第54至58题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

       Most people call it "body language" —the clues（线索） to the meaning that we get from gesture, facial expressions, posture —everything that isn't spoken．Experts call it "nonverbal communication," but it means the same thing: a second source of human communication that is often more reliable to understanding what is really going on than the words themselves．

       Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives．However, most of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research．

       There is a belief that people with shifty （变化的） eyes are probably lying．As Paul Ekman says, "When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking（眨眼） and shifty eyes were the winners．But sometimes people act like that because they are shy．Liars pretend to be calm in order not to be caught．

       Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief．Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying．Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes．To understand what someone's behavior means, you have to watch them carefully．

       There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better．As a result people would like to make initial （开始的） contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human．Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds, but any eye contact that is longer than that can make us nervous．

       In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment．Experts suggest that unless you know about someone's basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language．In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages．

According to the passage, body language is _____．

       A．a language that is not spoken      B．a clue to get the meaning

       C．a reflection of people's behaviors         D．a source of human communication

The word "that" in paragraph 3 refers to ____．

       A．blinking       B．lying           C．staring          D．pretending

From the passage we can learn that ____．

       A．there is no doubt that a liar has shifty eyes

       B．people sometimes blink because of shyness

       C．eye contact lasting a few seconds can make us nervous

       D．understanding body language is more helpful in business

How many examples are given by the writer to support his point of view?

       A．1．        B．2．         C．3．     D．4．

It can be inferred from the passage that _____．

       A．body language is trustworthy in telling who is lying

       B．body language helps us better understand other people

       C．sometimes we can't judge a person by watching his body language

       D．the speaker and the speaking environment are important to a person's body language