A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节): “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions—Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it.

    When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.

    Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up—parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

    A. To improve her computer program.           B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

    C. To find out details she can make use of             D. To predict what food they'll like in the future.

73. What did Loftus find out from her research?

    A. People believe what the computer tells them.

    B. People can be led to believe in something false.

    C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

    D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ________.

A. learn it is harmful for health                        

B. lie to themselves that they don't want it

    C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

    D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75. What is the biggest concern with the method?

    A. Whether it is moral.                                B. Who it is best for.

    C. When it is effective.                                D. How it should be used.

A very strict officer was talking to some new soldiers whom he had to train. He had never seen them before, so began, “My name is Stone, and I’m even harder than stone, so do what I tell you or there’ll be trouble. Don’t try any tricks (诡计) with me, and then we’ll get on well together.”

    Then he went to each soldier one after the other and asked him his name, “Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you clearly,” he said, “and don’t forget to call me ‘sir’.”

    Each soldier told him name, until he came to the last one. This man remained silent, and so Captain Stone shouted at him, “ when I ask you a question, answer it! I’ll ask you again: What’s your name, soldier?”

    The soldier was very unhappy, but at last he replied, “My name’s Stonebreaker, sir,” he said nervously (紧张地).

51. The officer was strict _________.

   A. because the soldiers were new.    

B. with any of his soldiers, new or old.

   C. because he was named Stone.     

D. only when he was before soldiers.

52. According to what the officer said, _______________.

   A. obeying his orders would sometimes bring no trouble.

   B. trouble would come if anybody made tricks.

   C. he always got on well with his soldiers.

   D. he often had trouble with his soldiers.

53. The last soldier remained silent because _______________.

   A. he didn’t like the way the officer spoke to them.

   B. he wanted to see what would happen if he disobeyed his order.

   C. the question was difficult for him to answer.

   D. he was afraid the officer would be angry when he heard his name.

54. According to the officer, how to answer the question, “How old are you?”

   A. (sadly) Twenty, sir.           B. (clearly) Twenty.

   C. (loudly)Twenty, sir           D. (quickly)Ten years younger than you, sir

A well-dressed man came into a famous jeweler shop. He explained that he wished to buy a pearl (珍珠) for his wife's birthday and that the price didn't matter since business had been very good for him that year. After examining a number of beautiful and valuable pearls, he chose a nice black one that cost $ 5,000. He paid for the pearl, shook hands with the jeweler and left.

    A few days later the man returned and said his wife had liked the pearl so much that she wanted another one just like it. It had to be exactly the same size and quality(质地) as she wanted a pair of earrings (耳环) made. "Can you give me any advice on how to get such a pearl?" said the man. The jeweler replied,   "I would say it's nearly impossible to find an exact one like that pearl.”

    The rich man asked the jeweler to advertise(登广告) in the newspapers, and offered $25,000 for the  matching pearl. Many people answered the ad(广告), but nobody had a pearl that was just right. Just when the jeweler had given up hope, a little old lady came in. To his surprise, she pulled the wonderful pearl from her handbag. "I don't like to sell it," she said sadly. "I inherited(继承) it from my mother, and my mother inherited from hers. But now I really need the money. "

    The jeweler was quick to pay her before she changed her mind. Then he called the rich man’s hotel to tell him the good news. The rich man, however, was nowhere to be found.

He paid$ 5,000 for the pearl without bargaining(讨价还价)______________.

A. because he loved his wife very much  

B. in order to get it as quickly as possible

C. since his business had been successful           

D. so as to make the jeweler believe him

Which of the following is true?

A. The people who answered the ad wanted to sell their pearls at a high price.

B. The woman was the well-dressed man's wife.

C. The jeweler was lucky enough to buy the little old lady's pearl.

D. The rich man didn't know the little old lady.

The jeweler could not find the rich man anywhere because he__________.

A. had moved to another hotel    B. was busy doing business with others

C. had escaped with $ 20,000     D. had told the wrong telephone number

A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods; change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at I rvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities（个性）and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says,” we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail （细节）: “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured（人为促生的）memory through leading questions－Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted（灌输）only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

    Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up－parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72．Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A．To improve her computer program.

B．To find out their attitudes towards food.

C．To find out details she can make use of.

D．To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

73．What did Loftus find out from her research?

A．People believe what the computer tells them.

B．People can be led to believe in something false.

C．People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

D．People are not always aware of their personalities.

74．According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _____.

A．learn it is harmful for health

B．lie to themselves that they don’t want it

C．are willing to let doctors control their minds

D．think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75．What is the biggest concern with the method?

A．Whether it is moral.

B．Who it is best for.

C．When it is effective.

D．How it should be used.

A dog who chewed off his owner’s infected toe（脚趾）while he was passed-out drunk has been called a lifesaver. Jerry Douthett had been out drinking when his dog Kiko bit off a large part if his big toe. His wife, Rosee, rushed him to hospital where tests showed the 48-year-old musician had dangerous high blood-sugar levels. Doctors told him his toe would have had to be cut off anyway.
Mr Douthett said he had refused to get medical advice despite his toe being swollen for months. “I was hiding it from people, Rosee included,” he said. “It smelled , and I look back now and realize every time we’d visit someone with a dog, their dog would smell all over my foot.”
The night before Mr Douthett had agreed to see a doctor, he passed out at home after going out drinking. He said, “I woke up and the dog was lying along side by foot. I said, ‘Ah, there’s blood everywhere.’ I ran to the bathroom and started to scream.”
However, he believes Kiko could sense the disease coming from his big toe. “He’s a hero,” Mr Douthett said. “It wasn’t an aggressive attack. He just ate the infection. He saved my life. He ate it. I mean, he must have eaten it, because we couldn’t find it anywhere else in the house. I look down. There’s blood all over, and my toe is gone.”
Before the operation, Mr Douthett asked a nurse, “Is there any chance I can get whatever’s left of my toe, so I can give it to Kiko as a treat?” Kiko is still with the family but is under observation by authorities.
【小题1】.Mr Douthett didn’t want to get medical treatment because ______ .