When I was young, I belonged to a club that did community service work. There was one specific event that was   1    for me. I spent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the ___2_ out in the streets. After that I went to a homeless shelter(避难所) not far from the Bay Bridge. I was in high school and at the time my sister was too young to join in . She wanted to help,   3    she made many chocolate chip cookies for me to __4_____ and hand out to people. When getting to the shelter, I passed out the   5   . I began making sandwiches and shared them with the crowd. I had the containers with my sister’s cookies in them and began to walk around, offering them to anyone near me.

I walked   6  to an old gentleman and said, “Sir, would you like a cookie?” He stopped and turned around, looked at me   7  and said, “What did you say? Did you call me sir?” I told him I had , and his eyes  8  a little bit and said, “No one has ever called me sir.” So he was completely   9 . It struck me.

I explained I had been raised that regardless of (不顾)   10  and social status（地位）, everyone deserved(值得）  11 . It saddened me to think that just because he was homeless, no one offered him the honor . It broke my heart. I just didn’t understand   12  no one ever called him sir. I had never thought that anyone was   13   me because I wasn’t raised that way. Every single person deserves to be treated with respect. Years later, I still carry that   14    and the lesson it taught me. Somtimes, what we take for granted can really make a difference in   15  life.

1.                A．uncommon      B．unusual         C．universal  D．simple

 

2.                A．winners        B．losers          C．hopeless  D．homeless

 

3.                A．but            B．so             C．while D．though

 

4.                A．enjoy          B．eat            C．take D．produce

 

5.                A．meals          B．cookies         C．chocolates D．chips

 

6.                A．near           B．close           C．forward  D．along

 

7.                A．briefly         B．swiftly          C．highly    D．directly

 

8.                A．cried          B．opened         C．watered  D．lit

 

9.                A．disappointed    B．moved         C．spoiled   D．relieved

 

10.               A．income         B．pain           C．colour D．goal

 

11.               A．respect        B．praise          C．happiness  D．laughter

 

12.               A．what           B．how           C．why  D．whether

 

13.               A．in front of       B．below          C．behind    D．beside

 

14.               A．word          B．memory        C．feeling    D．sadness

 

15.               A．someone’s     B．anyone’s      C．everyone’s   D．no one’s

 

 

Making fists is relaxing. It dictates the shape of the immediate future; it calms you down (it’s OK, it’s on a list somewhere) and it makes you feel good when you cross something off 0ist-making is standard practice in therapy for depression). It might even help you to get things done too. The more you have to do, the more you need a list and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them. Women always think they’re better at lists than men. Men tend to have Tasks which they assemble’ into Action Plans whereas women just have lists of Things To Do.

James Oliver, psychologist, has created his own “time management matrix (模式)”. He writes a list of things to do and then organizes them into categories: things that have to be done straight away, other things that it would be good to do today, things that are important but haven’t got to be done immediately and things that are less urgent but that he doesn’t want to forget. “Using categories to order the world is the way the human mind works,” he says. “After that, you should divide things into levels of importance.” But he also warns, “If people get too absorbed in making fists, it doesn’t work. They have too many categories and lose their ability to decide which is the most important.”

It’s all a question of what works best for you, whether it’s a tidy notebook, a packet of Post-it notes or the back of your hand． Having tried all these, student Kate Rollins relies on a computerized list, which is printed out each morning. “My electronic organizer has changed my life,” she says. “Up to now, I’ve always relied on my good memory, but now that I’m working and studying, I find I’ve got too much to keep in my head．”

So what are you waiting for? No, you’re not too busy to make today the first day of your upgraded time-managed life. In fact, there’s no better time titan the present to begin to take increased control of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and pen and make a list.

1.The main purpose of making lists is to   .

A．help map out one’s future	B．divide things into levels of importance
C．treat certain diseases such as depression	D．organize one’s work and life reasonably

2.We can learn from the passage that   .

A．good memory helps in list making

B．too much’ listing might be misleading

C．women usually make a lot more lists than men

D．people with high-powered jobs make lists most

3.The word “categories” in paragraph 2 most probably has the same meaning as“   ”.

A．groups

B．portions

C．items

D．areas

4.In this passage the author intends to   .

A．suggest a way of raising one’s living standard

B．introduce some ways of business management

C．urge people to develop the habit of listing

D．warn people not to rely on their memory

 

 

Have you ever heard the story of the four-minute miles? Many years ago, people believed that it was impossible for a human being to run a mile in less than four minutes until Roger Banister proved it wrong in 1954.

   What happens if you put an animal in a pond? Any animal, big or small, will swim its way through. What happens when someone, who doesn’t know how to swim, falls in deep water? They drown. If an animal who has not learnt swimming could escape by swimming, why not you? Because you believe you will drown while the animal doesn’t.

   Have you ever wondered why the letters are organized in a particular order on your keyboard? You might have thought it is to increase the typing speed. Most people never questioned it. But the fact is that this system was developed to reduce the typing speed at a time when typewriter parts you jam if the operator typed too fast.

   These three cases show the power of our beliefs. There is no other more powerful force in human behavior than belief. Your beliefs have the power to create and to destroy. A belief delivers command to your nervous system.

   I used a snake in my workshop for children to show them how unrealistic some of their beliefs are. Students of a school in India said snakes are slippery and slimy and poisonous. After doing an exercise for changing beliefs, they took my snake and found it to be dry and clean. They also remembered that only three types of poisonous snakes exist in India.

   Did this story end the way you thought? Review your beliefs now and find out which ones you need to change.

60．In the author’s opinion, if a person in deep water doesn’t know how to swim, he will drown because_________.

    A．he is afraid of water               B．he believes he will drown

    C．he hasn’t learnt to swim before      D．he doesn’t want to live in the world

61．The author thinks that the letters are organized in a particular order on your keyboard in order to _________.

    A．save more space                  B．satisfy the operator

    C．reduce one’s typing speed           D．increase one’s typing speed

62．The author’s experiment shows that________.

    A．snakes are dry and clean            B．snakes can be caught easily

    C．snakes are slimy and poisonous      D．snakes in India aren’t poisonous

63．According to the passage, we know that_________

A．students from India have unrealistic beliefs on how to live a better life 

B．an animal who hasn’t learnt how to swim will drown if you put it in pond

C．most people don’t like the order the letters are arranged on the keyboard

D．Roger Banister was the first person who ran a mile in less than four minutes

64. The main idea of this passage should be that________.

A. beliefs are very powerful           

B. beliefs make us seem stupid

C. changing your beliefs now is necessary

D. people should always believe in themselves

 

Making lists is relaxing. It dictates the shape of the immediate future; it calms you down (it’s OK, it’s on a list somewhere) and it makes you feel good when you cross something off List-making is standard practice in therapy for depression). It might even help you to get things done too. The more you have to do, the more you need a list and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them. Women always think they’re better at lists than men. Men tend to have tasks which they assemble ’into Action Plans whereas women just have lists of Things To Do.

James Oliver, psychologist, has created his own “time management matrix (模式)”. He writes a list of things to do and then organizes them into categories: things that have to be done straight away, other things that it would be good to do today, things that are important but haven’t got to be done immediately and things that are less urgent but that he doesn’t want to forget. “Using categories to order the world is the way the human mind works,” he says. “After that, you should divide things into levels of importance.” But he also warns, “If people get too absorbed in making lists, it doesn’t work. They have too many categories and lose their ability to decide which is the most important.”

It’s all a question of what works best for you, whether it’s a tidy notebook, a packet of Post-it notes or the back of your hand. Having tried all these, student Kate Rollins relies on a computerized list, which is printed out each morning. “My electronic organizer has changed my life,” she says. “Up to now, I’ve always relied on my good memory, but now that I’m working and studying, I find I’ve got too much to keep in my head.”

So what are you waiting for? No, you’re not too busy to make today the first day of your upgraded time-managed life. In fact, there’s no better time than the present to begin to take increased control of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and pen and make a list.

1.The main purpose of making lists is to      .

A．help map out one’s future	B．divide things into levels of importance
C．treat certain diseases such as depression	D．organize one’s work and life reasonably

2.We can learn from the passage that    .

A．good memory helps in list making	B．too much listing might be misleading
C．women usually make a lot more lists than men	D．people with high-powered jobs make lists most

3.In this passage the author intends to   .

A．suggest a way of raising one’s living standard	B．introduce some ways of business management
C．urge people to develop the habit of listing	D．warn people not to rely on their memory

 

B

Modern Manners

Philip Howard answers your questions on contemporary etiquette (礼仪)

Philip Howard,

When my friend and I (two ladies of a certain age) go out to have a meal, she always leaves an extremely large tip. At times, the tip will equal the amount of one of the main dishes—sometimes it comes to about 30 per cent of the bill. I feel 15—20 per cent is adequate for services offered and depending on the type of restaurant. At a cafe I would like to leave 15 per cent or a bit more depending on the service and etc. A larger tip would be appropriate if we are in a big city or a nicer place. My friend says “Well, I am sure they are not driving a Mercedes (奔驰汽车).” Well, neither am I, and how does she know? Who is correct and how can I make changes? I might add I do truly feel tipping should be based on good service, and also if you frequent a place and know the staff a larger tip is OK. I would never hesitate to tip a waitperson. I always leave to the higher side.  

Yours,

Barbara Bade

Barbara Bade,

Americans are more generous tippers than the British. I suspect that 10 per cent for a tip is about normal in the UK. Tipping is a strange survival in our age of supposed equality and minimum wages. Your friend has a generous nature and deep purse. I do not see why you cannot let her tip whatever she wants, and do your own thing. I agree that a tip should be a reward for good service and general good feeling. If the service is rotten and the meal a disaster, we should withhold a tip and explain why we are doing so. Few of us have the chutzpah (厚颜) to do this. Sensible restaurants have a box for tips, so that they are shared out among the staff, including those in the kitchens whom we do not see. (I trust that the management does not receive the money as extra profit.) I look forward to the day when waiters and other servants are paid a good enough living wage, so that they do not have to depend on the generosity of strangers to survive. To wait at table is just as honorable a way to earn a living in this wicked world. If you are pleased with the meal and cheerful service, you should tip as handsomely as your purse affords. I don’t suppose that your waiter / waitress is driving a Mercedes, even in the States. 

Yours,

Philip Howard

60. We can learn from the first letter that Barbara prefers ___________.

A. changing her own ideas on how to tip waiters

B. leaving a bigger tip to the familiar waitpersons

C. eating at a café rather than in a nice restaurant

D. saving as much money as possible for herself

61. It can be inferred that Barbara’s friend tips waiters heavily ________.

A. to show that she is well off                              B. because they are thought to be poorly paid

C. to show that she is generous                          D. because they have offered her full service

62. Besides quality of service, Philip regards __________ as principles of tipping.

A. taste of food and amount of one’s money

B. taste of food and the number of servants

C. generosity of strangers and the number of servants

D. amount of one’s money and generosity of strangers