Flight Distance

Any observant people have noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it escapes. “Flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance --- the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will escape when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.

Critical Distance

Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates（穿过，透过）the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly stalk（逼近）the man.

Social Distance

Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal （致命的）for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group --- that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group --- it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.

Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short --- apparently only a few yards --- among some animals, and quite long among others.

Social distance is not always rigidly（刻板的）fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among baboons（狒狒）in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.

1.Which of the following is the most suitable explanation to “Flight distance”?

A．Distance between animals of the same species before escaping.

B．Distance between large and small animals before escaping.

C．Distance between an animal and its enemy before escaping

D．Distance between certain animal species before escaping.

2.If a lion’s critical distance is penetrated, it will ________

A．begin to attack

B．try to hide

C．begin to jump

D．run away

3.The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph           

shows that ________.

A．social distance is not always needed

B．there is no social distance among children

C．humans are different from animals in social distance

D．social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors

4.Which of the following one can be the best title of the passage?

A．Critical Distance	B．Spacing in Animals
C．Relationship Between Animals	D．Psychological Distance

 

完形填空(共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

     Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles (肌肉) get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood-stream.

  Although the cat doesn’t  36   this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will  37 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.

   38 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 39  changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 40  run.

   Human beings, 41  , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them  42  , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then  43  later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always 44  to express your feelings freely.

    Does this mean that it’s smarter always to  45  our feelings? No! If you  46  feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays47  . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be48  for your health.

   Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, don’t just  49  . It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 50  you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, you’d  51  little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. They’d be rotten.

   You can try to treat emotions  52  they were bananas in the cupboard. You can  53  they don’t exist, but they’ll still be  54  . And at last you’ll have to  55  them, just like those bananas.

 

1. A. mind          B. admit            C. realize      D. remember

2. A. save          B. help             C. defend       D. hide

3. A. Truly         B. Frequently   C. Similarly        D. Differently

4. A. chemical     B. physical         C. health       D. ill

5.A. and            B. or           C. but          D. yet

6. A. therefore         B. but          C. besides      D. however

7.A. take off       B. take on     C. take over        D. take up

8. A. wished        B. hoped        C. blamed       D. shared

9.  A. useful       B. right            C. easy             D. wise

10.  A. handle      B. hurt             C. hide             D. prevent

11. A. keep             B. find             C. control      D. let

12. A. relaxed     B. tense            C. same             D. different

13. A. good             B. harmful     C. helpful      D. useful

14. A. go away     B. go on            C. go up            D. go out

15.  A. long before     B. as usual         C. before long D. right away

16. A. meet             B. observe     C. catch            D. see

17. A. as if            B. just as     C. just after       D. even though

18. A. pretend     B. expect       C. decide       D. assume

19.  A. in          B. around       C. over             D. beyond

20. A. eat up       B. deal with        C. throw away   D. send out

 

 

In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (过错) in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on (信赖) a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience (经验) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默), too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
【小题1】Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?

A．understanding.	B．honesty.
C．reliability.	D．a sense of humor.

【小题2】If you have fair-weather friends, ______ .

A．they will give you all that they have when you need help

B．you will be refused when you get into trouble

C．you will become rich

D．you can be sure that you get real friends

【小题3】Good friends need to ______.

A．always point out each other's mistakes

B．be helped with money

C．understand each other's feelings

D．have money or luck

【小题4】This passage mainly discuss ______ .

A．the qualities of a friend

B．where to choose friends

C．how to get along with friends

D．the importance of having a friend

 

When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood stream. If the danger continues, it will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as possible.

Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared or aroused by other emotions, our bodies go through many physical changes, all of which make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run．Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger ― or hit somebody － and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always wise to express your feelings freely.

Does this mean that it’s smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep the feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside．It can actual1y be bad for your health.

Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don’t just go away. It’s as if you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but before long you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, chances are that you’d see little fruit flies hovering all over them. They’d be rotten.

You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist, but they’ll still be around. And at last you’ll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.

72. By taking a cat as an example, the author wants to show us that         .

A. animals can’t control their feelings

B. people can’t control their feelings

C. people’s physical reactions are like those of animals in a way

D. our bodies go through many physical changes in certain situations

73. It’s mentioned in the passage that human beings get into trouble because        .

A. we are not as alert as animals

B. we sometimes can’t control our feelings

C. we always do something wrong to other people[来源:ZXXK]

D. we don’t pay attention to our physical changes

74. The author wants to tell us in the last two paragraphs that        .

A. we won’t be able to completely get away from our feelings .

B. we should treat emotions like bananas in a cupboard

C. feelings will gradually disappear when we hold them in

D. it’s good for our health to keep pleasant feelings

75. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Frightened Cats and Human Beings        

B. Feelings and Bananas

C. Deal with Feelings Wisely                

D. Express Feelings Freely

 

 

Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonged to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, and Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly(大胆) up to the company and said to Lord Northwood, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning?” Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his Mends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite(食欲) for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion(怀疑), he said, “but why are you out so early in the morning?” “Well, sir” said Pat, “I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowd burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit(机智，风趣), and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.

1.. This is a story about ________.

A. a rich man who owned a big wood               B. a poor Irishman who lived all by himself

C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat   D. an Irish hunter with a large family

2.. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why?

A. He was not expecting Pat at this early hour.     B. He knew Pat was coming for shooting.

C. He didn’t like the poor Irishman at all.             D. Pat had not told him he would come.

3.. Why was Lord Northwood surprised?

A. He had not expected such a bold question from Pat.    B. He wondered why Pat didn’t run away.

C. Pat wasn’t afraid of him.                        D. Pat had a gun in his hands.

4.. What made the whole crowd burst into laughter?

A. Pat's funny looks.                               

 B. Pat's interesting remarks.

C. Pat's quick and humorous response.               

D. Pat's promise to leave fight away.