题目列表(包括答案和解析)
Under such circumstances, it is little ________ that they experience difficulties.
A. pity B. shame C. relief D. wonder
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.
Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?
A. Increasing their pay.
B. Giving them more spare time.
C. Making the work itself meaningful.
D. Replacing large production lines with small ones.
The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that _______.
A. the machinery is so complex that it should be fixed
B. the production lines are too large in modern factories
C. the bosses can create very little freedom of choices for workers
D. the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules
For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because _______.
A. he can only make a part of a car
B. he does not know what he is doing
C. his life in spare time is more interesting
D. the importance of his job is not clear to him
In the article, the word “productivity” means _______.
A. the activity of producing something
B. the production volume in a time unit
C. the plan and the method of production
D. both the quantity and quality of a product
The best title for this passage may be _______.
A. Problems of Modern Workers
B. Making Jobs More Interesting
C. Pushing Workers to Produce More
D. How to Improve Labor Conditions
London--A morning train rides away, across the channel. English kids discuss the Liverpool's football team in a Paris pub.
Some Parisians have started to travel to work in London.
In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities. These days, it might be A tale of One City.
As there are few jobs at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.
Paris, rich in beauty, is more stylish. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.
“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a financial expert.
Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London,” she said.
There is, of course, the other view. Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more in Paris,” she said.
“Both cities have changed beyond recognition,” said Larry Collins, an author and sometimes a Londoner. Like most people who know both cities well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably. “I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”
But certainly not cheaper. In some parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.
Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice. Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose. “I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a centre, but life is too organized,” she said. “In London, you can be whoever you want. No one cares.”
1.It can be inferred that ___________.
A．Paris and London are the two biggest cities in the world
B．In the 19th century, Dickens told his stories in the two cities
C．London and Paris used to be separated
D．Liverpool is a big city in France
2.According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．People feel it difficult to find a job in Paris.
B．People can't travel to London without a passport.
C．Living in France is more expensive than in London.
D．People can find any job in London.
3.The underlined phrase in Para9 most probably means “_____________”
A. beyond one’s imagination
B. so much that people don’t know them well again
C. so little that people still know them well
D. to people’s satisfaction
4.What’s the meaning of the last two sentences?
A．People can do everything in London.
B．People will feel lonely in London.
C．People in London enjoy living in different ways.
D．People in London enjoy a lawless life.
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.
【小题1】The author believes that the population explosion results from _______.
| A．an increase in birthrates | B．the industrial development |
| C．a decrease in death rates | D．human beings’ cultural advances |
| A．it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work |
| B．the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation |
| C．old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations |
| D．death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life |
| A．Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. |
| B．Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. |
| C．When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial. |
| D．With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever. |
| A．prolonging the dying old people’s lives |
| B．reducing the problems caused by the retired people |
| C．making profits through caring for the sick or weak people |
| D．taking care of the sick or weak people |
| A．Sympathetic. | B．Approving. | C．Optimistic. | D．Critical. |
London--A morning train rides away, across the channel. English kids discuss the Liverpool's football team in a Paris pub.
Some Parisians have started to travel to work in London.
In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities. These days, it might be A tale of One City.
As there are few jobs at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.
Paris, rich in beauty, is more stylish. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.
“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a financial expert.
Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London,” she said.
There is, of course, the other view. Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more in Paris,” she said.
“Both cities have changed beyond recognition,” said Larry Collins, an author and sometimes a Londoner. Like most people who know both cities well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably. “I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”
But certainly not cheaper. In some parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.
Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice. Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose. “I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a centre, but life is too organized,” she said. “In London, you can be whoever you want. No one cares.”
It can be inferred that ___________.
A．Paris and London are the two biggest cities in the world
B．In the 19th century, Dickens told his stories in the two cities
C．London and Paris used to be separated
D．Liverpool is a big city in France
According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．People feel it difficult to find a job in Paris.
B．People can't travel to London without a passport.
C．Living in France is more expensive than in London.
D．People can find any job in London.
The underlined phrase in Para 9 most probably means “_____________”
A. beyond one’s imagination
B. so much that people don’t know them well again
C. so little that people still know them well
D. to people’s satisfaction
What’s the meaning of the last two sentences?
A．People can do everything in London.
B．People will feel lonely in London.
C．People in London enjoy living in different ways.
D．People in London enjoy a lawless life.
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