题目列表(包括答案和解析)
From Mr. Ward Hoffman.
Sir, I was halfway through Professor Raj Persaud's article “What's the tipping point"
(Financial Times Weekend, April 9-l0) when it occurred to me that what I was reading was not ironic(讽刺的). If Prof Persaud wants to know why Americans tip in restaurants, he need only ask the first American he meets in
Americans tip in restarts for one reason, and one reason only: we tip to supplement (补贴) the salary of restaurant workers. Quality of service does not enter into it, beyond the fact that one may tip a bit less for poor service, or a little more for good service.
Not tipping at all in a non-fast-food restaurant is not a choice. In the US, one used to tip about 15 per cent for dining in a family-style restaurant or in an up-market (高档的) restaurant. Here, in
After eating at an Italian restart in my city, I left a tip of 20 per cent on the non-tax part of our dinner bill. It was expected. There is nothing more complicated (复杂的) than that about Americas tipping in restaurants.
Ward Hoffman,
* * *
From Mr. Philip McBride Johnson.
Sir, I agree with most of Raj Persaud's opinion about the doubtful value of tipping, but with one exception(例外). Tips can be very useful when one is a repeat customer or diner.
It is only when the tipper is a stranger and likely to remain so that the system does not work to his or her advantage. But frequent a hotel or a restaurant, always tip a bit more, and the difference in service and treatment will ha easily felt.
Phfiip McBnde Johnson,
68. What can we learn from Hoffrnan's letter?
A. Quality of service determines tipping in the
B. Americans don't tip in non fast-food restaurants.
C. Tipping in
D. How to tip in the
69. Johnson's letter shows ________.
A. a stranger in a restaurant is likely to tip a bit more
B. diners receive better service if they frequent a restaurant
C. repeat dinners may get good service ifthay tip a bit more
D. the tipping system works to the advantage of new customers
70. From tbe two letters, we can learn Professor Raj Persaud ______ .
A. feels doubtful about the value of tipping
B. believes tipping improves quality of service
C. wats to ask Hoffman about tipping m the
D. thinks tipping a bit mom one can get good service
71. The two letters most probably appears in a ______.
A. notice B. handbook C. book review D. newspaperC
Things similar continuously happened in Haiti and Chile．Thousands of people were
buried in the earthquake and lost their fives．What if we could have warned them? People are always trying hard to find a way of preventing building collapsing(坍塌)．Better materials and technology help，but are not a solution．Just like humans，a building has its own life circle from “birth” to “death”．If we know when a building is going to collapse，we can repair it in advance or get out before it falls．
Now, scientists at the University of Illinois ha、，e developed a material that turns red before it breaks．The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes，or bridge supports．The secret behind the color-changing material is a type of molecule(分子)．A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds(化学键)．Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle，holding hands．Each person stands for one atom，your hands represent the bonds，and the entire circle represents a molecule．If one person lets go of his or her hands，the molecule changes color．The research team put the molecule into a soft material．When the researchers stretched(拉长) the material：it turned bright red a few seconds before it broke into two pieces．
When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material，without breaking it，it only turned a little red．
The major problem is，light can get rid of the red color．When the team shone a bright light on the molecule，the broken bond was fixed，and the color disappeared．If bright fight keeps the red color from appearing，the material’s warning system will be useless．Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecule can be used outside the lab．
49.The passage is mainly about______________
A．a way of preventing building from breaking down
B．a series'-of earthquakes in Haiti and Chile
C．a way of warning before buildings collapse
D．a newly—discovered structure of a molecule
50.According to the passage，we call conclude that____________
A．there are problems to solve before putting the new material to use
B．scientists have found the life circle of buildings from “birth” to “death”
C．bright fight makes the red color visible to human eyes
D．the new material is unlikely to be used in building bridges
51.The color-changing molecule can___________
A．make building materials much stronger
B．help building materials get stretched if necessary
C．prevent the earthquake from killing people
D．remind people to leave buildings before they fall
52．The warning system is based on the fact that____________
A．red color won’t show up when it meets bright fight
B．a material with a certain type of molecule Can turn red when setched
C．a building has its own life circle of “birth”to“death”
D．the broken bond will fix itself when a molecule meets bright fight
Things similar continuously happened in Haiti and Chile．Thousands of people were
buried in the earthquake and lost their fives．What if we could have warned them? People are always trying hard to find a way of preventing building collapsing(坍塌)．Better materials and technology help，but are not a solution．Just like humans，a building has its own life circle from “birth” to “death”．If we know when a building is going to collapse，we can repair it in advance or get out before it falls．
Now, scientists at the University of Illinois ha、，e developed a material that turns red before it breaks．The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes，or bridge supports．The secret behind the color-changing material is a type of molecule(分子)．A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds(化学键)．Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle，holding hands．Each person stands for one atom，your hands represent the bonds，and the entire circle represents a molecule．If one person lets go of his or her hands，the molecule changes color．The research team put the molecule into a soft material．When the researchers stretched(拉长) the material：it turned bright red a few seconds before it broke into two pieces．
When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material，without breaking it，it only turned a little red．
The major problem is，light can get rid of the red color．When the team shone a bright light on the molecule，the broken bond was fixed，and the color disappeared．If bright fight keeps the red color from appearing，the material’s warning system will be useless．Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecule can be used outside the lab．
49. The passage mainly about
A. a way of preventing building from breaking down
B. a series of earthquakes in Haiti and Chile
C. a way of warning before buildings collage
D. a newly-discovered structure of a molecule
50．According to the passage，we call conclude that
A．there are problems to solve before putting the new material to use
B．scientists have found the life circle of buildings from “birth” to “death”
C．bright fight makes the red color visible to human eyes
D．the new material is unlikely to be used in building bridges
51．The color-changing molecule can
A．make building materials much stronger
B．help building materials get stretched if necessary
C．prevent the earthquake from killing people
D．remind people to leave buildings before they fall
52．The warning system is based on the fact that
A．red color won’t show up when it meets bright fight
B．a material with a certain type of molecule Can turn red when s廿etched
C．a building has its own life circle of “birth”to“death”
D．the broken bond will fix itself when a molecule meets bright fight
(05·湖南D篇)
From Mr. Ward Hoffman.
Sir, I was halfway through Professor Raj Persaud's article “What's the tipping point"
(Financial Times Weekend, April 9-l0) when it occurred to me that what I was reading was not ironic(讽刺的). If Prof Persaud wants to know why Americans tip in restaurants, he need only ask the first American he meets in London.
Americans tip in restarts for one reason, and one reason only: we tip to supplement (补贴) the salary of restaurant workers. Quality of service does not enter into it, beyond the fact that one may tip a bit less for poor service, or a little more for good service.
Not tipping at all in a non-fast-food restaurant is not a choice. In the US, one used to tip about 15 per cent for dining in a family-style restaurant or in an up-market (高档的) restaurant. Here, in San Francisco Bay area restaurants, we me encouraged to tip 20 per cent or more, to help restart workers live in this very expensive area.
After eating at an Italian restart in my city, I left a tip of 20 per cent on the non-tax part of our dinner bill. It was expected. There is nothing more complicated (复杂的) than that about Americas tipping in restaurants.
Ward Hoffman,
Palo Alto, CA 94306, US
* * *
From Mr. Philip McBride Johnson.
Sir, I agree with most of Raj Persaud's opinion about the doubtful value of tipping, but with one exception(例外). Tips can be very useful when one is a repeat customer or diner.
It is only when the tipper is a stranger and likely to remain so that the system does not work to his or her advantage. But frequent a hotel or a restaurant, always tip a bit more, and the difference in service and treatment will ha easily felt.
Phfiip McBnde Johnson,
Great Falls, VA 22066, US
68. What can we learn from Hoffrnan's letter?
A. Quality of service determines tipping in the US.
B. Americans don't tip in non fast-food restaurants.
C. Tipping in US upmarknt restarts is unnecessary.
D. How to tip in the United States is not complicated.
69. Johnson's letter shows ________.
A. a stranger in a restaurant is likely to tip a bit more
B. diners receive better service if they frequent a restaurant
C. repeat dinners may get good service ifthay tip a bit more
D. the tipping system works to the advantage of new customers
70. From tbe two letters, we can learn Professor Raj Persaud ______ .
A. feels doubtful about the value of tipping
B. believes tipping improves quality of service
C. wats to ask Hoffman about tipping m the US
D. thinks tipping a bit mom one can get good service
71. The two letters most probably appears in a ______.
A. notice B. handbook C. book review D. newspaper
As is known to all, colors appear in every language to express people’s feeling and thoughts．Then, what is the situation in American English?
Red is a hot color．Americans may say they are red hot about something unfair．They are red hot when they are very angry about something．The small hot-tasting peppers found in many Mexican foods are called red hot for their color and their fiery taste．Fast loud music is popular with many people．They may say the music is red hot, especially the kind called Dixieland Jazz．
Pink is a lighter kind of red．People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in good health．The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the twentieth century．It comes from the fact that many babies are born with nice pink skin that shows that they are in good health．
The color black is often used in expressions．People describe a day on which everything goes wrong as a black day．People or things on a blacklist are connected with things illegal now．But at one time, some businesses refused to employ people who were on a blacklist for belonging to unpopular organizations．
The color green is natural for trees and grass．But it is an unnatural color for humans．A person who has a sick feeling in his stomach may say he feels a little green．A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves may look very green．
Sometimes a person may be upset because he does not have something as nice as a friend has．That person may say he is green with envy．Some people are green with envy because a friend has more dollars or greenbacks．Dollars are called greenbacks because green is the color of the back side of the paper money．
【小题1】Americans use “red hot” to describe the following EXCEPT _______．
| A．something unfair | B．small hot-tasting peppers |
| C．the person who is very angry | D．popular music like Dixieland Jazz |
| A．the expression has a very long history |
| B．the color pink makes people feel happy |
| C．people think the color pink is gentler than red |
| D．healthy babies are born with nice pink skin |
| A．enjoys himself in boating | B．is hit by a high wave |
| C．has a stomachache | D．likes trees and grass |
| A．Being sent a beautiful gift． |
| B．Failing in an important interview． |
| C．Passing a very difficult test． |
| D．Being invited to an exciting party． |
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