A scientist who developed a way to calculate how much water is used in the production of anything from a cup of coffee to a hamburger was awarded the 2008 Stockholm Water Prize.

Professor John Anthony Allan of the University of London in Britain won the award for introducing the idea of “virtual water (虚拟水)”, a calculation method that has changed the nature of trade policy and research.

Allan has written seven books and published more than 100 papers.

The Stockholm International Water Institute said this idea is now embedded (埋藏) in the production of foods and industrial products. The institute said Allan’s work had made a big effect on global trade policy and research, especially in water-scarce (缺水的) regions.

“The improved understanding of trade and water management issues on local, regional and global scales are of the highest value for the successful and sustainable (可持续的) use of water resources,” it said.

“People do not only use water when they drink it or take a shower,” the institute said. “Behind the morning cup of coffee, there are 140 liters of water that was used to grow, produce, package and ship the beans.” That is about as much water as a person in England uses on average for all daily drinking and household needs.

“For a single hamburger, about 2,400 liters of water are needed. In the USA, the average person uses nearly 7,000 liters of virtual water every day.” It said that was more than three times the average use of a Chinese person.

1.Allan was awarded the prize because _______.

A. he wrote seven books on trade policy

B. he published more than 100 papers on water management

C. he found a new kind of water in water-scarce areas

D. he came up with the idea of virtual water

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The average American uses about 7,000 liters of water a day.

B. The average Chinese uses nearly 2,300 liters of virtual water a day.

C. An Englishman usually drinks about 140 liters of coffee a day.

D. A hamburger usually contains about 2,400 liters of water.

3.What do we learn about John Anthony Allan from the passage?

A. He won the 2008 Nobel Prize.        B. He has written over 100 books.

C. He works at the University of London.        D. He lives in the USA.

4.What effect does the idea of virtual water have?

A. It helps us realize the importance of trade.   

B. It helps people do successful business.

C. It helps us make use of water scientifically. 

D. It tells us how much water we use a day.

 

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? “And Paul, why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends—or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog, "and that's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little, what he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

62. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. how to interpret what people say

B. what to do when you listen to others talking

C. why we go wrong with people and how to avoid these mistakes

D. why we go wrong with people sometimes

63. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that       .

A. we fail to listen carefully when they talk  

B. we tend to doubt what our friends say

C. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

D. people usually state one thing but mean another.

64. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to______.

A. being friendly   B. a bit of envy    C. lucky dog               D. your luck

65. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is     __.

A. notice the way the person is talking

B. take a good look at the person talking

C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture

66. The author is most probably a ______.

A. teacher     B. psychologist   C. philosopher    D. doctor

 

A senior United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF) official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in children’s welfare.

A. H. M. Farook, UNICEF’s operations area officer for China and Mongolia said that China “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”

　　China’s child population makes up one-fifth of the world’s total. “The reason behind the tremendous(巨大的) achievement is China’s long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society,” he said.

　　“What’s more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing Children’s Welfare Home at the Shangri-la Hotel, Beijing.

　　The hotel invited the orphans to share snacks, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine” party, as a prelude(前奏) to celebrations to mark the Children’s Day.

　　The Beijing children’s Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.

　　A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400—500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year.

　　Gu Xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the China Youth Development Foundation(CYDF), said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children.

　　She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling.

　　By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2, 074 Hope primary schools and enabled more than 1. 25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms.

　　Three “Hope Stars” also attended the party. They were model teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the Project Hope to further their nine-year compulsory studies in the poverty-stricken regions. They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the up coming Atlanta Olympic Games this year.

1.Children can grow healthily and happily as long as _______.

A. parents take good care of them both at home and in society

B. the whole society care for children as well as their parents

C. Schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of children

D. Chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need

2.Every year the Beijing Children’s Welfare Home spends _______ on the orphans

A. 1, 920, 000 yuan 　　　　　 　　           B. 2, 160, 000 yuan

C. Over 2, 400, 000 yuan 　　　　　            D. 2, 200, 000 yuan or so

3.CYDF collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of _______.

A. reducing dropouts                                          

B. helping homeless orphans

C. supporting the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic Games

D. establishing 2, 074 Hope primary schools all over the country

4.We can infer from the text that _______.

A. Every Chinese child has its own special need, so we should pay special attention to each.

B. All the children in the poverty-stricken regions of China are too poor to go to school.

C. Ever since liberation. the Chinese Communist Party has been concerned about the growth of the younger generation.

D. With the help of UNICEF officials, there are no more dropouts in China.

5.It is possible that this passage was written in _______.

A. 1992 　　　　  B. 1996 　　　　  C. 1998 　　　　   D. 2000

 

We know the famous ones — the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells— but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’ t we know who they are?

   Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’ s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”， however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why”and“how”questions. According to McLean，“When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’ s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’ s invention，”said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’ t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama. Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’ s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’ s traffic light. It’ s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’ s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

1.By mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”， the author indicates that countless inventions are________.

   A．beneficial, because their inventors are famous

   B．beneficial, though their inventors are less famous

   C．not useful, because their inventors are less famous

   D．not useful, though their inventors are famous

2.Professor Joan McLean’ s course aims to________.

   A．add colour and variety to students’ campus life

   B．inform students of the windshield wiper’ s invention

   C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University

   D．prepare students to try their own inventions

3. Tommy Lee’ s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was________.

   A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

   B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

   C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

   D．not related to Professor Joan McLean’ s lectures

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

   A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

   B．How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?

   C．Shouldn’ t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?

   D．Shouldn’ t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

 

Peter joined the army when he was eighteen, and    31  several months he    32  how to be a good soldier. He   33 everything except shooting. One day,   34 officer   35  the young soldiers how to shoot. He asked each soldier to shoot ten times,  36  all of them    37  quite well except Peter. After he had shot    38 the target nine times and had not   39  it once, the officer    40 and said. "You are quite hopeless, Peter! Don't    41   your last bullet too! Go behind that    42 and shoot yourself with it !"

Peter did not say    43  and went behind the wall. A few    44   later, the officer and the other young soldiers   45   the sound of a shot.

"Heavens!" the officer said, "   46   that foolish man really shot  47  ?"

He ran behind the wall   48  , but Peter was   49 . "I'm  sorry, sir,"  he said,  "but I 50 again."

1.	A．from B．since C．within D．at

 

2.	A．will be taught B．taught C．was teaching D．was taught

 

3.	A．wasn't good at B．stopped to do C．did quite well in D．wanted to do

 

4.	A．another B．other C．an D．a

 

5.	A．asked B．learned C．taught D．chose

 

6.	A．but B．yet C．just D．and

 

7.	A．are doing B．were doing C．would do D．were done

 

8.	A．at B．from C．to D．for

 

9.	A．beaten B．knocked C．hit D．touched

 

10.	A．got angry B．was hungry C．was pleased D．got ready

 

11.	A．leave B．lose C．waste D．pass

 

12.	A．house B．wall C．desk D．target

 

13.	A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something

 

14.	A．weeks B．days C．years D．seconds

 

15.	A．saw B．heard C．listened D．watched

 

16.	A．Does B．Did C．Has D．How

 

17.	A．his friend B．the soldier C．him D．himself

 

18.	A．at once B．at last C．with a smile D．no longer

 

19.	A．very good B．badly C．gone D．all right

 

20.	A．changed B．left C．missed D．lost