Half of all bosses say a lack of sleep makes them irritable (易怒的) and prone to(有……倾向的) shout at their staff, a study said.

One in five managers also said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes, the Mori poll of 1,006 people revealed(显示).

Some 48% of people aged 35 to 44 said they did not get enough sleep compared to a national average 39%.

Among that age group, people with young children and managerial (管理的) jobs were most likely to suffer. 

The report, commissioned (委托) by the think tank De??mos and Ikea, said the issue of sleep had been forgotten in the work / life balance debate.

Report author Charles Leadbeater said, "On any working day, a quarter of all managers in Britain are likely to be in a bad mood because they have not slept well. "

"These sleep-deprived and shouty managers with a tend??ency to make mistakes are responsible for millions of British workers. It’s hardly a recipe for good management. "

And Mr. Leadbeater called on the government and em??ployers to take action.

A small loss of sleep is likely to have a big impact on people who lead stressful lives.

"Stressed out parents are already not sleeping enough. They are the people most likely to have their sleep disrupted and they are least able to recover."  

Apart from children keeping their parents awake, worrying about work is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

Women are five times more likely than men to lose sleep because their partners snore (打呼噜).

The report predicted that there was likely to be a growing market of　sleep-deprived people, with an increase in "public napping".

Opportunities to take a nap at work are also likely to in??crease, and the report recommended that employers take their responsibility for ensuring employees were well slept more se??riously.

Peter Jelkeby, marketing manager at Ikea, said the re??search confirmed suspicions Britons were not getting enough sleep.  

And he added: "This is having a detrimental effect on our society as a whole. "

9. Which of following is true according to the text?

A. Half of the people say a lack of sleep makes them irrita??ble.

B. 20% managers said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes.

C. Some 48% of people said they did not get enough sleep.

D. People with young children and managerial jobs were most likely to suffer.

10. What does the underlined word "detrimental" mean?

A 良好的.          B.有害的           C.片面的     D.致命的

11. Who that suffered sleep disrupted are least able to recover?

A. The bosses.                 B. Managers.

C. People aged 35 to 44.               D. Stressed out parents.

12. Apart from children keeping: their parents awake, ________is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

A. worrying about work            B. their partners’ snoring

C. the relationship                        D. working conditions

       Below is a housing guide for students going to London.

University accommodation office

Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords (房东). Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organizations. The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have 'a problem. The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students.

Property papers: Loot and Renting

Loot is an important source (来源) of information about private housing for co-renters. The offers are from private landlords, agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters. They also have a website: www. loot. com. The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains. The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers.

Renting is another useful paper. The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies. Their website is at www. Renting.co. uk.

Accommodation agencies

The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies. The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have access to a large number of accommodations. A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation. The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters.

Noticeboards

Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted. These will either be from landlords or from students. Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students. Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation. However, advertisements from landlords can be problematic.

Word of mouth

Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don't suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily, going to be better than that found through any other source.

Family

Faced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative. In some cases this might be a good choice

1．What is the advantage of using Loot?

A．It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting.

B．It gives you personal information about other co-renters.

C．Their website is designed mainly for students.

D．There are some good bargains.

2．A good agent can help you        .

A．know more people                         

B．find cheap accommodation

C．get the right accommodation quickly

D．get free information about mos t accommodations

3．The information passed on by word of mouth is important because      .

A．it is better than that found through any other source

B．it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised

C．the final year students always offer better information

D．the landlords have little valuable information

4．For students going to London for the first time, which of the following provides the most reliable information?

A．University accommodation offices.

B．Loot and Renting.

C．Noticeboards.

D．Family.

Last July, my 12-year-old car died on California’s Santa Ana Freeway. It was an hour before sunset, and I was 25 miles from home. I couldn’t reach anyone to pick me up, so I decided to take a bus. Not knowing the routes, I figured I’d just head east.

A bus pulled up, and I asked the driver how far she was going. “Four more lights,” she said. There was another bus I could take from there. This clearly was going to be a long night.

She dropped me off at the end of her route and told me which bus to look for. After waiting 30 minutes, I began to think about a very expensive taxi ride home. Then a bus pulled up. There was no lighted number above its windshield(挡风玻璃). It was out of service. But the door opened, and I was surprised to find that it was the same driver.

“I just can’t leave you here,” she said. “This isn’t the nicest place. I’ll give you a ride home.”

“You’ll drive me home in the bus?” I asked, perplexed(困惑).

“No, I’ll take you in my car,” she said.

“It’s a long way,” I protested.

“Come on, ” she said. “I have nothing else to do.”

As we drove from the station in her car, she began telling me a story. A few days earlier, her brother had run out of gas. A good Samaritan picked him up, took him to a service station and then back to his car. “I’m just passing the favor along, ” she said.

When I offered her money as a thank-you, she wouldn’t hear of it. “That wouldn’t make it a favor, ” she said. “Just do something nice for somebody. Pass it along.”

1. Why did the writer say that he would have a long night?

A. He wondered how long he had to wait for the next bus.   B. No driver would give him a ride.

C. He didn’t know the routes.                            D. He perhaps would have to take a taxi.

2. Judging from its context, the place where the writer waited for the second bus was _______.

A. very quiet and peaceful                 B. dark without street lights

C. neither clean nor beautiful              D. a little unsafe

3. Why did the writer change his mind after waiting for 30 minutes at the end of the route?

A. No bus would come at the time.          B. A taxi ride would be more comfortable.

C. He became impatient and a bit worried.   D. He knew the driver would never return.

4. The bus driver drove the writer home later because ________.

A. she happened to go in the same direction  B. she wanted to do something good for other people

C. her brother told her to do so              D. she wanted to earn more money

5. The bus driver hoped that the writer ________

A. would do as she did                     B. would keep her in memory

C. would give the money to others          D. would do her a favor

You ______ be driven out of the school if you dare to cheat in the exam.

         A. should B. would C. will D. shall

A tourist comes out of the airport．There are a lot of taxis，but the tourist asks every taxi—driver his name．He takes the third taxi．It costs￡5 from the airport to the hotel．“How much does it cost for the whole day?” the tourist asks．“￡100”，says the taxi-driver．This is very expensive，the tourist accepts the price．

    The taxi—driver takes the tourist everywhere．He shows him all monuments and all the museums．In the evening they go back to the hotel．The tourist gives the taxi-driver￡100 and says，“What about tomorrow?” The taxi-driver looks at the tourist．“Tomorrow? It’s another￡ 100 tomorrow．”But the tourist says，“That’s OK．If that’s the price，that is the price．See you tomorrow．”The taxi—driver is very pleased．

    The next day the taxi-driver takes the tourist everywhere again．They visit all the museums and all the monuments again．And in the second evening they go back to the hotel．The tourist gives the taxi—driver another￡100 and says，“I’m going home tomorrow．”The taxi-driver is sorry．He likes the tourist and，above all，￡100 a day is good money．“So you are going home．Where do you come from?” he asks．

    “I come from New York．”

    “New York!” says the taxi-driver，“I have a sister in New York．Her name is Susannah．Do you know her?”

    “Of course 1 know her．She gave me￡200 for you．”

The tourist is______   ．

  A．an Englishman    B．a Frenchman    C．a Swedish D．an American

The tourist asks every taxi—driver his name because______    ．

  A．he is afraid of being cheated      B．he wants to remember all of the taxi—drivers’names

  C．he knows of one of the taxi-drivers D．there is a friend of his among the taxi drivers

Why is the taxi-driver very pleased with the tourist?

  A．None but the tourist agrees to the price given without arguing with him．

  B．His sister knows the tourist．

  C．His sister has brought so much money to him．

  D．He wants to be the guide of the tourist．

We can conclude that ______  ．

  A．the tourist will give the taxi-driver another￡200

  B．the tourist makes fun of the taxi—driver

  C．the tourist will give the taxi—driver half of the sum

  D．the taxi-driver insists that the tourist should pay him another￡200