题目列表(包括答案和解析)
We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
【小题1】Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?
| A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies. |
| B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage. |
| C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions. |
| D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond. |
| A．Supportive | B．Objective | C．Indifferent | D．Neutral |
| A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself. |
| B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head. |
| C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone. |
| D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells. |
| A．are stupid not to notice the changes |
| B．are efficient in mental work |
| C．are blind to changes around them |
| D．rely on memory when dealing with things |
| A．They make us much more intelligent. |
| B．They make us lazier and more stupid. |
| C．They have little to do with our intelligence. |
| D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence. |
We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
1.Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies.
B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage.
C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions.
D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond.
2.What is the writer’s attitude towards the rise of technologies like Google and Wikipedia?
A．Supportive B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Neutral
3. Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?
A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself.
B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head.
C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone.
D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells.
4.It is true about the phenomenon called “change blindness” that human beings____.
A．are stupid not to notice the changes
B．are efficient in mental work
C．are blind to changes around them
D．rely on memory when dealing with things
5.According to the text, how do technologies like Google, Wikipedia affect us?
A．They make us much more intelligent.
B．They make us lazier and more stupid.
C．They have little to do with our intelligence.
D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence.
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a young man, Al was a skilled artist．He had a wife and two fine sons．One night, his oldest son developed a severe stomachache．Thinking it was only some 36 intestinal （肠内的）disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very seriously．But the boy 37 suddenly that night．
Knowing the death could have been 38 if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Al's emotional health became worse under the huge burden of his 39 To make matters worse his wile 40 him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son．The hurt and pain of the two 41 were more than Al could handle, and he 42 to alcohol．In time Al became an alcoholic．
43___ the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he 44 — his home, his land, his art objects, everything． 45 Al died alone in a San Francisco motel room．
When I heard of Al's death, I thought that Al's life was a complete 46 ．
As time went by, I began to re-evaluate my earlier judgment．I knew Al's now 47 son, Ernie．He is one of the kindest, most caring, most loving men I have ever known．I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free 48 of love between them．I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere．
I hadn't heard Ernie talk much about his 49__．One day I worked __50_ my courage to ask him．"I'm really _51__ by something," I said．"I know your father was 52 _ the only one to raise you．What on earth did he do that you became such a special person?"
Ernie sat quietly and _53__ for a few moments．Then he said, "From my earliest _54_ as a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ' I love you, son．' "
Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to __55_ Al as a failure．He had not left any material possessions behind．But he had been a kind loving father, and he left behind one of the finest, most giving men I have ever known．
36．A．certain B．common C．rare D．basic
37．A．died B．choked C．starved D．worsened
38．A．cured B．prevented C．forbidden D．saved
39．A．disease B．debt C．guilt D．duty
40．A．left B．scolded C．quarreled D．forgave
41．A．disasters B．adventures C．conflicts D．situations
42．A．got B．drank C．turned D．sank
43．A．As B．Though C．Because D．If
44．A．needed B．shared C．benefited D．possessed
45．A．Eventually B．Gradually C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
46．A．trouble B．hardship C．failure D．waste
47．A．teen B．aduh C．aged D．adolescent
48．A．win B．fall C．space D．flow
49．A．mother B．brother C．father D．child
50．A．up B．with C．on D．through
51．A．worried B．puzzled C．interested D．attracted
52．A．especially B．basically C．merely D．specially
53．A．argued B．searched C．analyzed D．reflected
54．A．thoughts B．ideas C．minds D．memories
55．A．treat B．call C．judge D．Feel
（河北省正定中学2010届高三下学期第二次月考）
As a young man, Al was a skilled artist.He had a wife and two fine sons.One night, his oldest son 21 a severe stomachache.Thinking it was only some 22 intestinal （肠内的）disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very 23 . But the boy 24 suddenly that night.
Knowing the death could have been 25 if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Al's emotional health became worse under the huge burden of his guilt. To make matters __26 , his wife left him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two 27 were more than Al could handle, and he 28 to alcohol.In time Al __29 an alcoholic.
As the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he 30 — his home, his land, his art works everything. 31 Al died alone in a San Francisco motel room.
When I heard of Al's death, I thought that Al's life was a complete 32 . I thought. "What a totally wasted life".
As time went by, I began to re-evaluate my earlier judgment.I knew Al's now adult son, Ernie.He is one of the kindest, most caring, most loving men I have 33 known. I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free 34 of love between them.I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.
I hadn't heard Ernie talk much about his father.One day I worked 35 my courage to ask him."I'm really 36 by something," I said."I know your father was 37 the only one to raise you.What on earth did he do that you became such a special person?"
Ernie sat quietly and 38 for a few moments. Then he said, "From my earliest __39 as a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ' I love you, son.' "
Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to 40 Al as a failure. He had not left any material possessions behind.But he had been a kind loving father, and he left behind one of the finest, most giving men I have ever known.
21.A.formed B.developed C.received D.gained
22.A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. common
23.A. slightly B. secretly C. seriously D. terribly
24.A.died B.choked C.starved D.worsened
25.A.cured B.prevented C.forbidden D.saved
26.A.better B.heavier C.worse D.happier
27.A.disasters B.adventures C. directions D.situations
28.A.got B.drank C.turned D.sank
29.A.turned B.became C.followed D.created
30.A.needed B.shared C.benefited D.possessed
31.A.Eventually B.Gradually C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
32.A.trouble B.hardship C.failure D.waste
33.A. never B. even C. still D. ever
34.A.win B.fall C.space D.flow
35.A.up B.with C.on D.through
36.A.worried B.puzzled C.interested D.attracted
37.A.especially B.basically C.merely D.specially
38.A.argued B.searched C.analyzed D.reflected
39.A.thoughts B.ideas C.minds D.memories
40.A.treat B.call C.judge D.feel
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
As a young man, Al was a skilled artist.He had a wife and two fine sons.One night, his oldest son 1a severe stomachache.Thinking it was only some 2intestinal （肠内的）disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very 3. But the boy 4suddenly that night.
Knowing the death could have been 5if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Al's emotional health became worse under the huge burden of his guilt. To make matters __6, his wife left him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two 7were more than Al could handle, and he 8to alcohol.In time Al __9an alcoholic.
As the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he 10— his home, his land, his art works everything. 11Al died alone in a San Francisco motel room.
When I heard of Al's death, I thought that Al's life was a complete 12. I thought. "What a totally wasted life".
As time went by, I began to re-evaluate my earlier judgment.I knew Al's now adult son, Ernie.He is one of the kindest, most caring, most loving men I have 13known. I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free 14of love between them.I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.
I hadn't heard Ernie talk much about his father.One day I worked 15my courage to ask him."I'm really 16by something," I said."I know your father was 17the only one to raise you.What on earth did he do that you became such a special person?"
Ernie sat quietly and 18for a few moments. Then he said, "From my earliest __19as a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ' I love you, son.' "
Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to 20Al as a failure. He had not left any material possessions behind.But he had been a kind loving father, and he left behind one of the finest, most giving men I have ever known.
1.A.formed B.developed C.received D.gained
2.A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. common
3.A. slightly B. secretly C. seriously D. terribly
4.A.died B.choked C.starved D.worsened
5.A.cured B.prevented C.forbidden D.saved
6.A.better B.heavier C.worse D.happier
7.A.disasters B.adventures C. directions D.situations
8.A.got B.drank C.turned D.sank
9.A.turned B.became C.followed D.created
10.A.needed B.shared C.benefited D.possessed
11.A.Eventually B.Gradually C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
12.A.trouble B.hardship C.failure D.waste
13.A. never B. even C. still D. ever
14.A.win B.fall C.space D.flow
15.A.up B.with C.on D.through
16.A.worried B.puzzled C.interested D.attracted
17.A.especially B.basically C.merely D.specially
18.A.argued B.searched C.analyzed D.reflected
19.A.thoughts B.ideas C.minds D.memories
20.A.treat B.call C.judge D.feel
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