To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

     This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers. A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt(果断的) restoration(恢复) of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled!

The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.

A. the practice of turning goods into money

B. making goods available for purchase

C. the customer- centered approach

D. a form of persuasive salesmanship

What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

A. The needs of the market.         

B. The efficiency of production.

C. The satisfaction of the user.       

D. The preferences of the dealer.

According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" ( Para. 1 ) means _________.

   A. to sell the largest possible amount of goods

B. to transport goods as efficiently as possible

C. to dispose of these goods in large quantities

D. to redesign these goods for large - scale production

What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

A. Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

B. It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

C. Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

D. Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.

V. 单词拼写（10×1）
1. He is seen as a ________ (潜在的) leader of our party.
2. We will _____（任命） him as your secretary, for his carefulness.
3. Because of _______（采用） the new teaching methods, the students feel at easy to study.
4. They have made a _______（灵活的） holiday plan to satisfy everyone.
5. It is against my will if I _______（反对） you.
6.In summer, fruit _____ （易于）to decay, so you had better not to buy so much at one time.
7. People  don’t listen to him, for he is always ________（神经兮兮）.
8. You should make a _______（具体的） analysis on the problem.
9. Some officials should not ______ （滥用）their authority.
10. Under the _____（压力） of life, he had to go abroad.

In our life, we face situations where we are either asked to choose between trust and disbelief. Many of us would say we have to choose trust over disbelief. Actually we are given intellectual(智力的) power to choose what we want, and what we choose certainly need not be the one that sounds pleasing. That is, we can choose both trust and disbelief, but we have to know when to choose between these two.

We should all realize that we are living in a world which is unfortunately mixed with people of various types. We have been given the power of judging who we are working with and who we are partnering with. We cannot give an excuse for believing a scheming(诡计多端的)person, just because he looked or sounded nice, unless we consider ourselves mentally unskillful.

   This world was there before us and it does not owe us a single thing. We are asked to take care of ourselves and our belongings. Trust, too, has to be saved for the deserving(值得的) people. When we give trust universally to all, we end up troubled by the undeserving common cheat. People say trust is life. True! But only wisely exercised trust is life.

   When we start a conversation with someone, the first things that we usually notice would be their dress, behavior, style and their language. What sometimes we all forget to look at is the person’s intention. Now how to look at a person’s intention is a lesson everybody has to learn for themselves in their own way -- there is no single standard for it. But it is certainly possible to discover the purpose if we seek a little bit more.

   Certainly a false offer of friendship or guidance cannot stand undiscovered for long; we are therefore called to exercise disbelief over trust at least momentarily till we find out that we certainly are in agreement with a mutual(相互的)good-willed person.

The world teaches you lots of lessons and if we are willing, we can learn all that we want.

1.In the first paragraph, the author ________.

A. concentrates on the reason why we make different choices

B. focuses on how to choose between trust and disbelief

C. suggests that trust should be wisely exercised

D. implies that people are forced to make the choice

2.. We can infer from the passage that _________.

A. people who we are working with are in fact those who we are partnering with

B. the first thing we notice tends to mislead our judgment

C. the mentally healthy people will not judge a person by his looks 

D. the standards of looking at a person’s intention are not various

3.. The underlined sentence means __________

A. trust and disbelief go hand in hand with each other.

B. disbelief is necessary if you aren’t wise

C. trust is established if two people know each other

D. doubt may serve as the precondition for trust

4.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? 

A. Trust or Disbelief?                                      B. Trust Is Life.

C. Trust over Disbelief?                     D. Disbelief over Trust?

Do you know what it means when somebody tells you that he had “a catch-22 experience”?

The phrase “catch-22” comes from a book of the same title by the American writer Joseph Heller published in 1961．Catch-22 is a book of black humor．The author uses silly and even surreal(超现实的)events．It has a non-linear narrative structure(非线性的叙述结构)in which events follow the theme rather than the timing，to give us a very strange picture full of contradictions(矛盾)．

The story takes places in a bomber base in Italy during World WarⅡ．The main character, Captain Yossarian wants to leave the war．Unfortunately, every time he completes the number of tasks to be sent home，the number is raised and he is forced to continue fighting．It seems hopeless for him to go home under the very strange rule in this Air Force-catch-22：only when a soldier goes crazy can he be allowed to go home．But he has to go to the hospital to show the doctors that he is crazy．However, if he tells them he is crazy but is obvious healthy, he cannot go home．In short，catch-22 is“heads 1 win，tails I lose．If you can you can’t；and if you can’t，you can．”Whenever you try to behave correctly in a crazy world．There’s a catch(潜在的困难)．

During the Vietnam War, the phrase“catch-22”became a popular term for being caught in a no．win，circular dilemma and is now commonly used．The Oxford English Dictionary explains catch．22 as“a set of circumstances in which one requirement，etc，is dependent upon another, which is in turn dependent upon the first．”

Which of the following statements is right?

A. Catch-22 is one of Heller’s experiences during World War II．

B. Catch-22 is one of Yossarian’s experiences during the Vietnam War．

C. The events in catch-22 follow the theme．

D. The events in catch-22 follow the timing．

Why did Captain Yossarian fail to leave the war?

A. He wasn’t so anxious to leave the war．

B. He didn’t finish his tasks．

C. He was put into a catch-22 situation．

D. He wasn’t mad enough to be sent home．

What does the underlined sentence most probably mean?

A. Whenever and however you try, you are unable to reach the goal．

B. You can solve every problem you meet as long as you want to．

C. You can’t solve any problem in your life．

D. If you can’t solve all the problems．you can solve none．

The phrase“catch-22”came into being ________ _．

A. in World War II B. in the Vietnam War   C. in the 1950s              D. in the 1960s

Ⅳ 写作（共四节，满分45分）
第一节：单词拼写（15×1=15分）
86 He was expected to give the police a s_______ (确切的) and detailed account of the accident. 
87. He likes this job for its f___________ (弹性的)working hours.
88. To deal with this, our government should take a__________ （合适的）measures.
89. The new government has b_____ (禁止) strikes (罢工行动) during the festivals.
90. There is a lot of a_______ (焦虑) among the staff about possible job losses.
91. Our new factory is turning out large q_________ of goods.
92. Under no c_______________ (情况) can their marriage be approved by their parents.
93. We had a____________(绝对地) no intention of stopping our business
94. You should be a_________(羞愧) of yourself for telling such lies.
95. You’ve done well; is there any efficient way a________(采用) to improve the work?
96. To defend against diseases, we should lead a healthy life, s_________(加强) our immune
system.
97. In autumn, the temperature in this city v_______(变化) from 10℃to 30℃ in a day.
98. No employer was willing to g__________（保证）the workers regular employment at that time.
99. The rise in carbon dioxide is causing a s________(持续) increase in global warming.
100.The sound legal system effectively prevents those officials from a_______(滥用) their power.