People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated（估计） that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.
Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.
In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.
Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.
Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.
Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.
【小题1】A “developmental" disability ______.

The Sydney Opera House is a very famous building in the world. It has become Sydney's best-known landmark and international symbol. The Opera House with a " sailing roof" was designed by a famous Danish architect (丹麦建筑大师),Utzon. The base for the building was started in 1959, years before the designs were finished. Utzon spent four years designing the Opera House. In 1962, the designs were finalized (定稿) and the construction began. In 1967, they started the decoration inside. It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened it on October 20th, 1973.

　 The Sydney Opera House cost around $100 million and was paid for by the public 6,225 square meters of glass was used to build it. The Opera House includes 1,000 rooms. It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide. The building's roof sections weigh about 15 tons. Each year, this fantastic building attracts 200,000 tourists to come for a visit or enjoy events in it.

　  The Opera House reaches out into the harbour (港湾). It is amazing and unforgettable, offering people a strong sense of beauty.

1.The designer of the Sydney Opera House was from _______.

2.Building the Sydney Opera House lasted__________.

3._______ paid for the cost of the building of the Sydney Opera House.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show "Sight Unseen", at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29, includes everything: underwater scenes, landscapes, abstracts and everything else you might expect from a "sighted" photographer．
How do the blind take their photographs? Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （镜头） , and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists," says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．" One participating photographer is Pete Eckert, an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快门） on his camera and then uses flashlights, lights, and candies to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago, Weston, lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
What do gallery-goers say? "I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different," says John Hesketh, a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
Beyond the praise, however, the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk, one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability, you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way, it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"
63．From the passage we know that some blind people take photos by______
A．describing the things to their assistants
B．holding the camera and shooting randomly
C．opening the shutter with the help of others
D．using special equipment designed for them
64．We can learn from the passage that blind photographers ______
A．were not born blind               B．do jobs related to art
C．focus on different subjects           D．like photos of destruction
65．What is people's reaction to the blind photography show?
A．They admire the blind photographers' hard work．
B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers．
C．They think some have good techniques while others not．
D．They can understand the real meaning of each photograph．
66．The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact that ______．
A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show
B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about
C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works
D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world

Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave what they cannot finish of the fast food in the street, an environment group warned .Keep Britain Tidy said the rats were stopping their traditional hunts underground and were running across the streets, invited by burgers, pizzas and crisps left behind by man. “The rat population is on the rise and soon it’ll be as common to see a rat on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat,” said group Director, Sue Nelson. The practice of spreading fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the dustbin—with young men the worst group—was behind the rise. According to the National Rodent Survey in 2005, Britain’s rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 2000 and is now estimated at 60 million, two million more than the human population. On average a rat can give birth every 24-28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a family of 2,000 a year. Around 200 people a year get Weil’s Disease –an infection which can lead to liver or kidney（肝肾）failure and eventually death and which is carried in rats’ waste. To attract people’s attention to the problem, Keep Britain Tidy produced a cinema ad with a title “How close do you want them to get?” The ad gave a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats--reminding people of the terrible scene from James Herbert’s classic horror tale The Rats, in which rats begin to hunt for humans.

1.Where did the rats use to search for food?

       A. In the street                                                 B. Under the ground

       C. From the dustbins                                 D. In burger shops

2.What was the rat population in Britain in 2000 according to the writer?

       A. Around 60 million                                B. Around 45 million           

C. Around 38 million                                  D. Around 2 million

3.We may infer from the passage that ______________.

       A. Weil’s Disease will finally end the world

       B. pizzas and crisps will become unpopular

       C. rats will put human beings’ life in danger      

       D. young people should take the responsibility for the rat population

4.By writing the passage, the author tries to _____________.

       A. close some of the burger and pizza restaurants

       B. draw the public attention to the problem of rats

       C. prevent the rats from growing up

D. making an advertisement for the classic horror tale The Rats

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

36. A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time

B. is caused by forces

C. occurs in youth and affects development

D. is getting more and more severe

37．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B. they were not very well looked after

C. medical techniques were not available

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

38. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

A．more laws should be passed

B．public attitudes should be changed

C．government should provide more aids

D．more public facilities should be set up

39. Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?

A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.

D．  Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

40. The best title for this passage might be ______.

A．Handicaps（不利条件；障碍；）of People with Disabilities

B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled

C．The Causes for Disabilities

D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities