Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 25 WORDS.

As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. The results of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics（空气动力学）, which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, nonstop commute between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometres.

Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows birds to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.

Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 per cent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Wimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.

The first study suggests that building up fat deposits to be burned as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. Heavier birds apparently use their muscles more efficiently.

In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.

85. How much will a red knot wading bird probably weigh before making its nonstop migrating flight?

86. The additional weight gained before the flight won’t increase the powered needed to fly; on the contrary, it works as _____________________.

87. How did scientists successfully conduct the first study?

88. We can infer from the studies on fat deposits and V formation flying that both factors _____________________________.

C
SAN FRANCISCO--- As skies are filled with millions of migrating birds, Europeans scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more  efficiently it flies.
The result of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics(空气动力学), which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.
For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought.
Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, non-stop commute(路程) between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometers.
Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows bird to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.
Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 percent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Weimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations.
Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.
The first study suggests that building up fat deposits(存放) to be burned as fuel during the migrating is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated(模拟) flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.
63. Researchers used to believe_______.
A. the thinner a bird is, the less energy it needs to fly
B. migratory birds make a journey from the British Isles to the Russian Arctic
C. aerodynamics makes no sense
D. birds eat more before they begin their migrations
64. According to the passage, birds prefer to fly in the V formation rather than fly solo because_____.
A. it is against aerodynamic to fly in the V formation
B. they can save energy while migrating 
C. they won’t get lost with a bird leading the way
D. in this way their heart beat faster so that they can fly faster
65. The researchers didn’t ______ in the study.
A. inject the birds with water containing a radioactive element
B. watch birds of different body masses in simulated flights
C. take the birds’ heart rates   
D. feed the birds to fatten them
66. The best title of the passage should be _______.
A. Birds Fatten up for Journey        B. Migratory Birds in Europe
C. New Findings                 D. Migrating in V formation

71. As a middle school student, you should realize that it's not meaningful at all for you ____________________ fantasy novels on line.  (addict)

作为一名中学生你应该认识到迷恋网上的奇幻小说没有任何意义。

72. ____________________ they will camp out tonight. It is such a long way that I don’t think   

they can get back.  (likely)

他们今晚可能要在外露营了，路太远我觉得他们不会回来了。

73. A child is told that under no circumstances ____________________ his parents.  (cheat)

小孩被告知在任何情况下他都不应该欺骗父母。

74. Have you ever had a case _______________________ your journalists of getting the wrong end    

of the stick ?  (accuse)

你们有没有过这样的情况：有人控告你们的记者，说他们的报道完全失呢？

75. Please keep us _______________________ any change of address as soon as possible. (inform)  

地址变化了请尽可能早地让我们知道。

76. If Richard _______________________ his job last month, he would go abroad for a business conference now. (lose)

       如果理查德不在上个月失业的话，他现在已去国外参加一个商业会议了。

77. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother _______________________.  (tell)

男孩想在街上踢球，但是他妈妈叫他不要在街上踢球。

78. Ribery _______________________ with his father on a construction site when Messi and Ronaldo were already established superstars.  (work v.)

当梅西和罗纳尔多已经成名的时候，里贝里和父亲正在一个建筑工地上干活。

79. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, _______________________ which layers of the skin are burned.  (depend) 

根据皮肤烧伤的层次，烧伤分为一度、二度和三度烧伤。

80. It is not only Doraemon’s cool gadgets but also his lovely personality _______________. (make)

不仅仅是哆啦A梦酷酷的小装置而且是他的可爱的个性使得故事有趣。

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 25 WORDS.

As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. The results of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics（空气动力学）, which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, nonstop commute between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometres.

Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows birds to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.

Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 per cent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Wimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.

The first study suggests that building up fat deposits to be burned as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. Heavier birds apparently use their muscles more efficiently.

In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.

85. How much will a red knot wading bird probably weigh before making its nonstop migrating flight?

86. The additional weight gained before the flight won’t increase the powered needed to fly; on the contrary, it works as _____________________.

87. How did scientists successfully conduct the first study?

88. We can infer from the studies on fat deposits and V formation flying that both factors _____________________________.

Section D:

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 25 WORDS.

  As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. The results of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics（空气动力学）, which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

  For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, nonstop commute between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometres.

  Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows birds to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.

  Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 per cent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Wimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.

  The first study suggests that building up fat deposits to be burned as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. Heavier birds apparently use their muscles more efficiently.

  In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.

How much will a red knot wading bird probably weigh before making its nonstop migrating flight?

_____________________________________________________________________________

86. The additional weight gained before the flight won’t increase the powered needed to fly; on the contrary, it works as _______________________________

87. How did scientists successfully conduct the first study?

___________________________________________________________________________________

88. We can infer from the studies on fat deposits and V formation flying that both factors _______________________________________________________________________________