Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.

The simplest form of business is called an individual proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. The law recognizes no difference between the owner and the business

           . Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.

There are limited liability partnerships. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also do not have as many responsibilities. Partnerships can end at any time. But partnerships and individual proprietorships exist only as long as the owners are alive.

The most complex kind of business organization is the corporation. Corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime.

Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or it might reinvest the money into the business.

If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation. A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.

But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. There are nonprofit groups that are also organized as corporations.

1. What's the main idea of this passage? (within 10 words)

2. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 10 words)

3. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

To put the profits into the business again might be another choice.

4. In what way are partnerships and corporations different from each other? Please list two main aspects. (each within 15 words)

(1)                                (2)                              

5. Please translate the underlined sentence.

   阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题.(请注意问题后的词数要求)

Judgment of character can be influenced by something as simple as the temperature of a drink held in our hands .according to a US study published today,

Researchers form Yale University conducted experiments that showed that people perceive(认知)others as more generous and more attentive if they have just been holding a hot cup of coffee，and that the inverse is true for cold drinks．    

A second study found that people are more likely’ to give something to others if they held．

Something warm, and more likely take something for themselves if they something cold, in the study .published in the current issue of the journal Science, the research team built on earlier studies that show the physical distance between individuals also influences social judgment about others.

    The experiment suggests that the warmth of an object or the distance that is felt between people means more than simple metaphors(暗喻).Both instances, researchers said ,are literal examples of trust first experienced between mother and child during infancy.

  “When we ask whether someone is a warm person or cold person.they both have a temperature 0f 98．6(Farenheit,37 Celsius)，’’said Yale psychology professor John Bargh，who co-authored the study with Lawrence Williams at the University of Colorado．“These terms indirectly explains the primitive experience of what it means to be warm and cold?’’

“Physical temperatures affect not just how humans see each other, but also how humans behave，”said Bergh，“The power of temperature on character assessments has been backed up by recent brain imaging studies．”He added．“Physical warmth call makes us see others as warmer

people，          cause us to be warmer, more generous and trusting as well

    The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health．

76．What is the main idea of the passage?(Please answer within 15 words．)

77．List two aspects that affect social judgment about others．(Please answer within 10 words．)

   ①                            ②                                   

78．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 6 with proper words．(Please answer within 6 words)

79．Which  sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

    Recent studies on brain imagin has supported temperature's effect on judgment of character

 80．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese．

 
E
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet”when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet”quickly goes away. When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the“Wait—I'm not dead yet”chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemical overrides the“dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
57. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. Leading the following paragraphs.
B. Showing the main idea of the passage.
C. Introducing the background of the passage.
D. Giving a summary of the passage.
58. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?
A.is weaker than        B. is stronger than    C. is better than    D. is worse than
59. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.
B. When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.
C. A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.
D. Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.
60. Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?
A. Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.
B.Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.
C. Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.
D. Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own

When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
【小题1】What is the function of the first paragraph?