A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节). “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through leading questions --- Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up --- parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

一个人的饮食习惯的能改变？一个善意的谎言是怎样做到的？

1.Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

   A. To improve her computer program.

   B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

   C. To find out details she can make use of.

   D. To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

2.What did Loftus find out from her research?

   A. People believe what the computer tells them.

   B. People can be led to believe in something false.

   C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

   D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

3.According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _______.

   A. learn it is harmful for health

   B. lie to themselves that they don’t want it

   C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

   D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

4.What is the biggest concern with the method?

   A. Whether it is moral.            B. Who it is best for.

   C. When it is effective.            D. How it should be used.

B
I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I show up.I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约) mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.
So here's what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life,not a desire of the next promotion(提升), the bigger paycheck, the larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure(空闲), it is work.Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.
I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.
By telling them this:  Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy.And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived.
50．The best title of this passage probably is        
A．Love your friends               B．Live a real life
C．Don't waste time                         D．Be a good mother and wife
51．How did the author form her view of life?       
A．Through working and social experience.      
B．By learning from her friends.
C．Through an unfortunate experience.
D．From her children and husband
52.By the underlined sentence "It is so easy to exist instead of to live" in the fifth paragraph, the
author really means that people tend to_____.
A．make a living rather than live a real life  
B．work rather than enjoy life 
C．waste a lot in life
D．forget the most important lessons in life          
53．What's the author's attitude toward work?       
A．Do it well to serve others.
B．To earn enough money to make life better.
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay.
D．Don't let it affect your real life.

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.

   A. visiting an exhibition

   B. solving a math problem

   C. doing a medical experiment

   D. doing scientific reasoning

The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

   A. active learning

   B. passive learning

   C. communication

   D. knowledge

The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.

   A. a message should be delivered in different ways

   B. a message may be changed when being passed on  

C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

   D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

What can we infer from the passage?

   A. Active learning is less important.

   B. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

   C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

   D. Passive learning may not be reliable.

The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place

   Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.

   Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

   On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

   The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

   Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.

From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.

A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential

B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products

C. diet products are misleading people       D. people are fed up with diet products

One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.

A. try out a variety of diet foods              B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

C. pay attention to their own eating habits      D. watch their weight rather than their diet

In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.

A. losing weight is effortless           B. it costs a lot to lose weight

C. diet products bring no pain           D. diet products are free from calories

Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.

A. are over-consumed                  B. lack basic nutrients

C. are short of chemicals                     D. provide too much energy

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

改错

As the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year's time. Comparing with traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animated cartoons. Otherwise, it's faster to send an electronic card. There are many web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes 1 to environmental protection.

1．________　　2．________　　3．________　　4．________

5．________　　6．________　　7．________　　8．________

9．________　　10．________