The first two and a half years of American control of the Panama Canal were devoted only to preparation for human living. Energies were committed to establish suitable houses, hotels, and kitchens. Food supplies were built up and the ability of the existing Panama Railway system was increased. In addition, a large Panama Canal labor force was enrolled (招收) and organized under a civil government. With all this activity, the need for improved sanitation soon became apparent. Improving the unclean conditions was one of the greatest difficulties in building the Panama Canal. Colonel William C. Gorgas stepped up and took charge of improving these sanitary and working conditions.

       With the leadership of Gorgas, many new departments of sanitation were founded. Separate departments each undertook different tasks. Some health departments were in charge of hospitals, others in the management of health matters, and still others took charge of sanitation inspections. Committees were also formed to look after the basic welfare of the laborers.

       The sanitation work included clearing land, establishing quarantine(检疫) facilities, and taking care of sick and injured laborers in hospitals. On top of this, an operation under Gorgas' command aimed to destroy the yellow fever and malaria carrying mosquitoes.

       The big wetlands surrounding the canal in certain areas were a great breeding(繁殖) ground for mosquitoes. In an attempt to solve some of the mosquito problems, the surrounding wetlands were drained(排干水) and filled. Various methods were used. This task was so big that the first two years of building the canal were largely dedicated to getting rid of the mosquitoes. In the end, these efforts were a success. By 1906, yellow fever was virtually wiped out in canal areas and the number of deaths caused by the other top disease, malaria, was also reduced significantly.

       With all these new health measures, the canal area has become one of the healthiest regions in the world. With the leadership of Gorgas, the department of sanitation helped to make the canal construction possible.

This passage is mainly about ________.

A. the health measures during the construction of the Panama Canal

B. the leadership of Gorgas in the construction of the Panama Canal

C. the first two years of American control in the Panama Canal

D. the process of the construction of the Panama Canal

Led by Gorgas, many departments were set up to do various tasks except _______.

A. inspect sanitation                          B. watch over health matters 

C. take charge of hospitals                 D. enroll labour force

What Colonel William C. Gorgas thought most important was to _______.

A. remove the grasses and bushes         B. establish quarantine equipment

C. destroy mosquitoes                                D. attend to sick laborers in hospitals

The author tells the readers that _______.

A. yellow fever and malaria are caused by waters and wetlands

B. the wiping out of yellow fever reduced the number of malaria deaths

C. the climate in the canal areas was suitable for mosquitoes to grow

D. the two-year sanitation work stopped the outbreak of yellow fever

The first two and a half years of American control of the Panama Canal were devoted only to preparation for human living. Energies were committed to establish suitable houses, hotels, and kitchens. Food supplies were built up and the ability of the existing Panama Railway system was increased. In addition, a large Panama Canal labor（港口） force was enrolled (招收) and organized under a civil government. With all this activity, the need for improved sanitation(卫生) soon became obvious . Improving the unclean conditions was one of the greatest difficulties in building the Panama Canal. Colonel William C. Gorgas stepped up and took charge of improving these sanitary(卫生的) and working conditions.

       With the leadership of Gorgas, many new departments of sanitation were founded. Separate departments each undertook different tasks. Some health departments were in charge of hospitals, others in the management of health matters, and still others took charge of sanitation inspections. Committees were also formed to look after the basic welfare of the laborers.

       The sanitation work included clearing land, establishing quarantine(检疫) facilities, and taking care of sick and injured laborers in hospitals. On top of this, an operation under Gorgas' command aimed to destroy the yellow fever and malaria（疟疾）- carrying mosquitoes（蚊子）。

       The big wetlands surrounding the canal in certain areas were a great breeding(繁殖) ground for mosquitoes. In an attempt to solve some of the mosquito problems, the surrounding wetlands were drained(排干水) and filled. Various methods were used. This task was so big that the first two years of building the canal were largely dedicated to getting rid of the mosquitoes. In the end, these efforts were a success. By 1906, yellow fever was virtually wiped out in canal areas and the number of deaths caused by the other top disease, malaria, was also reduced significantly.

       With all these new health measures, the canal area has become one of the healthiest regions in the world. With the leadership of Gorgas, the department of sanitation helped to make the canal construction possible.

39. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. the health measures during the construction of the Panama Canal

B. the leadership of Gorgas in the construction of the Panama Canal

C. the first two years of American control in the Panama Canal

D. the process of the construction of the Panama Canal

40.  Led by Gorgas, many departments were set up to do various tasks except _______.

A. inspect sanitation                          B. watch over health matters 

C. take charge of hospitals                 D. enroll labour force

41. What Colonel William C. Gorgas thought most important was to _______.

A. remove the grasses and bushes        B. establish quarantine equipment

C. destroy mosquitoes                                D. attend to sick laborers in hospitals

42. The author tells the readers that _______.

A. yellow fever and malaria are caused by waters and wetlands

B. the wiping out of yellow fever reduced the number of malaria deaths

C. the climate in the canal areas was suitable for mosquitoes to grow

D. the two-year sanitation work stopped the outbreak of yellow fever

The State Council declared Wednesday it would restart China's nuclear power program, ending the hiatus（中断）in nuclear construction since Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster last year.

    China has been the most courageous country in building nuclear power, with the largest number of plants currently under construction. Nuclear power is facing a tough time in developed countries. The Japanese public is demanding the closure of all the country's nuclear power plants. China is at the forefront of nuclear power development. But it has been forced into this position.

    Rapid economic development coupled with improvements in people's life both demand more electricity. It is impossible to exploit fossil resources forever as the supply of coal, oil and natural gas is limited. China has no choice but to develop nuclear power.

    China must be the safest user of nuclear power. It should become a leading country in developing nuclear power technologies and increasing the world's knowledge of nuclear power. 

    It needs to do at least two things. First, it needs to promote safety in nuclear power plants, based on the technologies of the West. The former Soviet Union, the US and Japan all had severe nuclear accidents, proving there are risks. China should try to remove these risks.

    Second, China should establish effective communication mechanisms（机制）between the government, power plants and the public. It's wrong to think the government can control every aspect of nuclear power plant construction.

    The opposition to nuclear power program in developed countries has prevented them from building new plants, but they already have many. These governments are reluctant to close these plants despite strong opposition, because they cannot find better substitutes. 

    Nuclear power only occupies 1.8 percent of China's current electricity grid（输电网）, much lower than the proportion in many developed countries. China's nuclear power plan should introduce the advantages of the technologies of other countries and also be creative in providing security. Its space technology is not the most advanced, but its launch safety measures have proven to be among the best.

    China's high-profile high-speed railway development has drawn a lot of controversy, as will the active attitude towards developing nuclear power. But China cannot just copy what the developed countries have done. The development of nuclear power must be unique to China and it must be a ground-breaking success. But now, the real test lies ahead.

1.In the third paragraph the writer focuses on ______.

A. the reason why China is to develop nuclear power

B. the difficulty China has in developing nuclear power

C. the measures China will take to develop nuclear power

D. the benefits China will have by developing nuclear power

2.What attitude do people in developed countries have towards nuclear power program?

A. Supportive.           B. Opposed.     C. Indifferent.                      D. Objective.

3.. If the Chinese government is to develop nuclear power, it needs to ______.

A. copy exactly what the developed countries have done

B. depend entirely on domestic scientists and technologies

C. avoid people’s involvement in nuclear power plant construction

D. do everything in its power to guarantee safety in nuclear power plants

4.What is the future of China’s nuclear power program according to the text?

A. It will be unique but can hardly pass too many tests.

B. It will be full of controversy but carried out firmly.

C. It will be on a smooth way to a ground-breaking success.

D. It will receive much opposition from developed countries.

The State Council declared Wednesday it would restart China's nuclear power program, ending the hiatus（中断）in nuclear construction since Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster last year.
China has been the most courageous country in building nuclear power, with the largest number of plants currently under construction. Nuclear power is facing a tough time in developed countries. The Japanese public is demanding the closure of all the country's nuclear power plants. China is at the forefront of nuclear power development. But it has been forced into this position.
Rapid economic development coupled with improvements in people's life both demand more electricity. It is impossible to exploit fossil resources forever as the supply of coal, oil and natural gas is limited. China has no choice but to develop nuclear power.
China must be the safest user of nuclear power. It should become a leading country in developing nuclear power technologies and increasing the world's knowledge of nuclear power. 
It needs to do at least two things. First, it needs to promote safety in nuclear power plants, based on the technologies of the West. The former Soviet Union, the US and Japan all had severe nuclear accidents, proving there are risks. China should try to remove these risks.
Second, China should establish effective communication mechanisms（机制）between the government, power plants and the public. It's wrong to think the government can control every aspect of nuclear power plant construction.
The opposition to nuclear power program in developed countries has prevented them from building new plants, but they already have many. These governments are reluctant to close these plants despite strong opposition, because they cannot find better substitutes. 
Nuclear power only occupies 1.8 percent of China's current electricity grid（输电网）, much lower than the proportion in many developed countries. China's nuclear power plan should introduce the advantages of the technologies of other countries and also be creative in providing security. Its space technology is not the most advanced, but its launch safety measures have proven to be among the best.
China's high-profile high-speed railway development has drawn a lot of controversy, as will the active attitude towards developing nuclear power. But China cannot just copy what the developed countries have done. The development of nuclear power must be unique to China and it must be a ground-breaking success. But now, the real test lies ahead

1. 1.

   In the third paragraph the writer focuses on ______

   1. A.
      the reason why China is to develop nuclear power
   2. B.
      the difficulty China has in developing nuclear power
   3. C.
      the measures China will take to develop nuclear power
   4. D.
      the benefits China will have by developing nuclear power
2. 2.

   What attitude do people in developed countries have towards nuclear power program?

   1. A.
      Supportive
   2. B.
      Opposed
   3. C.
      Indifferent
   4. D.
      Objective
3. 3.

   If the Chinese government is to develop nuclear power, it needs to ______

   1. A.
      copy exactly what the developed countries have done
   2. B.
      depend entirely on domestic scientists and technologies
   3. C.
      avoid people’s involvement in nuclear power plant construction
   4. D.
      do everything in its power to guarantee safety in nuclear power plants
4. 4.

   What is the future of China’s nuclear power program according to the text?

   1. A.
      It will be unique but can hardly pass too many tests
   2. B.
      It will be full of controversy but carried out firmly
   3. C.
      It will be on a smooth way to a ground-breaking success
   4. D.
      It will receive much opposition from developed countries