As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __41__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
　　If a firm wants to __42__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __43__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __44__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __45__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __46__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __47__ to an evaluation system based on points.
　　In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __48__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __49__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with hands, monetary(货币的) encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

Jaime, Bradley, Carrie, Josh和Alan每人根据自己的职业作答了一份关于Robot的调查问卷，第71至75题是他们的职业介绍。阅读下面七项信息（A、B、C、D、E、F和G），选出与他们职业匹配的最佳选项，并标在答题纸的相应位置上, 选项中有两项是多余选项。
71. _______ Carrie is a young man who has a job in a city construction company. He is afraid of climbing up ladders and carrying the iron bars and concrete onto higher places.

72. _______ Jaime is a professor in the field of biochemistry. He is worried about his health situation as he keeps so close to harmful elements year in and year out.

73. _______ Bradley works in the International Ocean Security Association. He is sad to think of the fact that there were so many people who couldn’t be saved at last in disasters.

74. _______ Alan is a worker in an auto factory. He is thinking of changing another job which is more interesting and creative.

75. _______ Josh is an administrator of the National Spaceflight Bureau, which is short of qualified pilots at the moment.

A
I suppose robots could be used as dust people during night time, as they don’t need to sleep and they are comparatively safe in polluted environment.
B
I suppose small remote control robots could be used as sea rescuing workers to search through wreckage（打捞）in a disaster looking for people in the sea. Bomb defusers（扫雷管）are now robots reducing the risk of losing a life.

C

I suppose robots could be used to do jobs that are dangerous, as they can lift heavy objects, paint, handle chemicals, and perform the same job hour after hour, day after day without stop. 

D
I suppose robots could be used as chemical researchers. At least they can help us carry harmful chemicals in a chemical plant or help to go into small areas inaccessible to us. It can be used to examine the inside of a nuclear reactor（核反应堆）.

E
I suppose robots could be astronauts and they could travel very far away, like Pluto. If they can, we don’t need to especially train human beings to be astronauts as it costs quite a lot and it also takes many years to make a professional astronaut.
F
I suppose robots could be used as car assembly（装配）workers, in parts of a car building line. Assembly lines make the process move faster, get more work done and cost less. But the job is so mechanical and boring.

G
I suppose robots can do such dangerous jobs as sky-scraper builders that would be safer for human beings. If injured or broken, they can be fixed easily. They can also work in unfavorable conditions such as dark, extreme heat, extreme cold etc.

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.
Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

1. 1.

   If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.

   1. A.
      the Trade Unions and the Personnel Department
   2. B.
      the Personnel Department and the Accounts Department
   3. C.
      the employees and the Trade Unions.
   4. D.
      the employers and the Trade Unions
2. 2.

   What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?

   1. A.
      They are plans in which much payment is encouraged.
   2. B.
      They are encouraging money schedules
   3. C.
      They are pay systems
   4. D.
      They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid.
3. 3.

   Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.

   1. A.
      their work is not important
   2. B.
      they have low wages
   3. C.
      the measurement of their work is difficult
   4. D.
      the company does not have enough money
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

   1. A.
      In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries.
   2. B.
      Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system.
   3. C.
      If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too.
   4. D.
      An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work.
5. 5.

   The main purpose of the passage is to________.

   1. A.
      explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department.
   2. B.
      explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by points
   3. C.
      tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment system
   4. D.
      convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers

When you need a job very much, you may end up taking one for which you are over qualified. Although you were initially grateful just to have the work, you now feel bored and depressed. Is there any way to change that?

Start by changing your opinion, says Caitlin Kelly, the author of Malled, a book based on her experience as a sales clerk after losing her job in journalism. “Don’t focus on what you’re not getting but what you are getting,” she says. “Be patient and work attentively with a wide range of people. It doesn’t matter what the job is –there are always things you can learn and skills you can develop.”

Hilary Pearl, the founder of a coaching firm, says, “Tell yourself the current situation isn’t the end of your career. Don’t overdramatize（过分夸大）the negative aspects but try to view the situation more philosophically: life has a series of stages, and this is one of them. Don’t forget to study even in the worst stage.”

Consider that because you’re overqualified, you may be able to learn or do things on the job that might not have been possible in a more demanding position, says Sarah Hathorn, the chief executive of Illustra Consulting. “You could spend your extra time in learning different aspects of the business and teaching others in the organization,” she says.

Is it possible to make your work more challenging, even if your job responsibilities aren’t likely to change?

Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “Take things off your boss’s plate and let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”

Always express your request positively, saying that you love new challenges, rather than complaining that you’re bored and underused, says Ethun, the president of the Park Avenue Group. In your down time, educate yourself about the company and its industry. “Read corporate information, analyst reports and related news articles,” she says. “If your boss accepts your suggestions, it will make you a more valuable employee.”

1.According to Caitlin Kelly, ______.

A．one should be willing to do some small things

B．being a salesman is not as important as being a journalist

C．performing your regular duties well is important

D．doing a simple job well will bring you a sense of success

2.What Hilary Pearl intends to express is that ______.

A．work is just a stage of our whole life

B．the present job doesn’t matter to us in a long run

C．one should be satisfied with his present situation

D．one should look forward instead of complaining about the present situation

3.The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.

A．draw your boss’s attention               B．share your boss’s burdens

C．give your boss useful advice               D．ask your boss for a better position

4. What is the common view about careers of the people mentioned in this passage?

A．One should start his career from doing a simple job.

B．One should improve himself and help others as well.

C．One should keep learning new things to improve himself.

D．One should pay much attention to the relationship with the boss.

---Do you need any help,Lucy?

   ----Yes．The job is _____I could do myself ．

A．less than        B．more than        C．no more than     D．not more than