In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums (牙龈), livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be prevented by the supply of fresh fruit for the sailors.

　　　Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with shortages of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.

　 The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special supply to make up for the missing vitamins.

57. Scurvy is a disease that is caused by ____

　　　 A. salted meat and biscuits　　　　　　　　 　　 B. exhaustion

　　　 C. lack of some essential substances D. need of fresh vegetables and fruits

58. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it’s better for us ____.

　 A. not to eat much salted meat

　 B. to supply our diet with various vitamin pills

　 C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables

　 D. to develop a good dietary habit

59. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive 　 (广泛) enough, ____.

　 A. vitamin pills are of no use

　 B. nutritious food might be unhealthy

　 C. vegetable leaves can be a good treatment

　 D. religious fasting may help out a lot

60. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　 　 A. Shortages of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.

　 　 B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for　　

　　 a healthy body.

　　　 C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people’s health.

　　　 D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.
If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
　　At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
　　No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
【小题1】How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?

The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.

If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.

　　At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

　　No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.

1.How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?

2.Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?

3.Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.

4.Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.

5.The passage mainly discusses _______.

As I held my father's hands one night，I couldn't help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness.His hands tell the story of his life as a ___，including all his struggles.

One summer，I remember，a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario，turning it into a____desert.On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last ___from the grocery store.Fifty dozen was all we needed，which____took twenty minutes. That morning，however，the process didn't____ quickly.After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field，we____ needed twenty dozen.I was completely frustrated and ____.Dropping the basket heavily，I declared，“If the store wants its last twenty dozen，they can pick it themselves！”Dad____，“Just think，my little girl，only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're____.”Such is Dad—whatever problem he ____，he never gives up.

____，the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country.It was a challenging time for everyone，____Dad remained optimistic.He____to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates.Only then did I truly begin to____Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.

Dad is also a living example of real____.From dawn to dusk，he works countless hours to ___our family.He always puts our happiness ____his own，and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games___his exhaustion after long days.His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and____，putting others first.

Dad，the life____I have learned from you will stay with me forever.You are my father，teacher，friend and，most importantly，my hero.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

1.A.teacher? B．gardener? C．farmer? D．grocer

2.A.stormy? ????????????? B．lively?

C．disappearing? ????????????? D．burning

3.A.order? B．form? C．gap? D．position

4.A.repeatedly? ????????????? B．normally

C．finally? ????????????? D．really

5.A.go? B．begin? C．occur? D．change

6.A.yet? B．still? C．even? D．nearly

7.A.surprised? ????????????? B．nervous

C．angry? ????????????? D．frightened

8.A.apologized? ????????????? B．cried

C．complained? ????????????? D．laughed

9.A.lost? B．done? C．gone? D．touched

10.A.meets with? ????????????? B．brings up

C．works out? ????????????? D．thinks about

11.A.Thankfully? ????????????? B．Hopefully

C．Unfortunately? ????????????? D．Strangely

12.A.or? B．for? C．so? D．but

13.A.happened? ????????????? B．seemed

C．continued? ????????????? D．aimed

14.A.face? B．appreciate? C．examine? D．question

15.A.love? B．pride? C．friendship? D．honesty

16.A.support? B．settle? C．start? D．impress

17.A.after? B．before? C．beside? D．under

18.A.in spite of? ????????????? B．in terms of

C．in control of? ????????????? D．in place of

19.A.careful? B．regretful

C．considerate? D．humorous

20.A.history? B．motto? C．patterns? D．lessons