Organ transplantation not only needs exact , but also needs steady source of organ. 查看更多

 

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     Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world's first organ transplant (移植) using new stem
cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
     But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed____ -for example, a liver cell
develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young
and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cells.
     Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe (气管) after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University
of Bristol took a donor windpipe, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove
the donor's cells, leaving a tissue scaffold (组 织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo's windpipe and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be
transplanted into Ms Castillo.
     Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting
the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejec tion. But by using
Ms Castillo's own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
     This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other trans- plant operations in the future. Scientists also
believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, heart disease, stroke, ar thritis, burns and so on.
     However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from
adults but from embryos (胚胎) created in laboratories which are just a few days old. Many people have
religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
1. What's the best title for the passage? ( Please answer within 8 words. )
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. ( Please an swer within 8 words. )
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the fol lowing one? However, Ms
      Castillo's body mistook the new windpipe for her own because doctors put her own cells in it.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think of the stem cell transplant? Why? ( Please answer within 30 words. )
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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New rules will let millions of Americans know where more of their food comes from.The law is known as COOL—Country of Origin Labeling.

American Congress first passed the law in 2002.Stores have had to label seafood by country of origin since 2005.But industry pressure delayed other requirements until last week.

Products that must now be labeled include fresh fruits and vegetables, muscle meats and some kinds of nuts.But the rules are complex, and many foods are excluded.For example, organ meats are free to be labeled.So are processed foods, including cooked or smoked food.

The United States has imported more and more food in recent years to save money and expand choices.Country-of-origin labeling has become more common lately but has still been limited in many stores.

Food safety is one reason why some shoppers pay close attention to where foods came from.For example, when a large number of people recently got sick from salmonella(沙门菌病), officials blamed peppers from Mexico.Yet the last big food scare involved spinach (菠菜) grown in California.But labeling is also a way for people to know they are getting what they want.Some want to buy local foods or foods from a particular country.

The country-of-origin labeling law gives stores 30 days to correct any violations that are found.Stores and suppliers that are found to be deliberately violating the law could be fined 1000 dollars per violation.Federal inspectors are not to take action to enforce the law for six months to give time for an education campaign.

    Some food safety activists say they are generally pleased with the law.They call it a good step that will give people more useful information.

1.Why has more and more food been imported to the United States in recent years?

    A.Because it is economical and provides people with more choices.

    B.Because the United States is short of food supply.

    C.Because Americans need more and more food recently.

    D.Because foreign food is of higher quality than native food.

2.What’s the regulation in the new rules?

    A.Stores have to label food by its producing date from now on.

    B.The country-of-origin labeling has to be marked on more food.

    C.Stores have to label seafood by country of origin.

    D.Labeling of food should include more useful information.

3.The new rules of the country-of-origin labeling law will come into effect ______.

    A.right now                            B.in a month                    

    C.in three months                      D.in half a year

4.Consumers are more concerned about where foods came from because ______.

    A.they are curious about the country of the food origin

    B.they are particular about the tastes of the food

    C.they are concerned about food safety and want to get what they want

    D.most of the shoppers are food safety activists themselves

 

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Dr Asim Syed, 32, has performed more than 100 operations at London’s Hammersmith Hospital in the country’s busiest transplant unit, but never imagined that he would one day become a donor himself.
He stepped forward when was told his 64-year-old mother might be dead within months unless she got a new kidney (肾). The worried surgeon brought her to London to be cared for at his hospital. However, it was not all plain sailing. Tests showed Dr Syed was the wrong blood group, so the only way was to go through a special blood-washing process. He consulted colleagues about that, but they didn’t agree, because the risk of rejection is still too high. Dr Syed and his mother were then advised to consider a new way of donating and receiving, called an organ-paired. That is, Dr Syed donated his kidney to an unknown person and another donor in the chain was a successful match for his mother. The chain of three transplants took place at the same time on July 31 with Dr Syed’s kidney going to a recipient in the Midlands and Mrs. Syed receiving her kidney from a person in the south of England.
Just hours after donating his own kidney, Dr Syed found himself recovering in bed next to his mother. Mrs Syed said, “When I came round from my operation Asim was in the next bed and the first thing he said was, ‘Mum now all your worries are over.’ Tears fell down.”
Now mother and son are recovering well with Dr Syed already back at work. Mrs. Syed is staying with him for several months while the hospital monitors her progress.
He said, “I did what anyone would do when they see a relative suffering disease. Although I wasn’t able to help mum directly, by agreeing to be part of a chain, I was also very happy.”

  1. 1.

    Why isn’t it a plain sailing?

    1. A.
      No one can treat his mother well.
    2. B.
      Dr Syed was the wrong blood group.
    3. C.
      They didn’t have money to be in hospital.
    4. D.
      Mrs. Syed was unwilling to receive the operation.
  2. 2.

    Why didn’t his colleagues agree to the method of blood-washing?

    1. A.
      It is very dangerous.
    2. B.
      It costs too much.
    3. C.
      They didn’t know how to do it at all.
    4. D.
      They didn’t have the relative equipment.
  3. 3.

    What can we learn about Mrs. Syed?

    1. A.
      She was touched by his son’s deed.
    2. B.
      She has already recovered completely.
    3. C.
      After operation, she went her own home.
    4. D.
      She was in hospital in London for many years.
  4. 4.

    What can be inferred from the text?

    1. A.
      The hospital still needs improving.
    2. B.
      Dr Syed has love and devotion to his parents.
    3. C.
      The expense in the hospital is too high to afford.
    4. D.
      Dr Syed donated his kidney to his mother directly.

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How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.

What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.

Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.

A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional(横截面)view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.

Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.

CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.

1.What is NOT true of a CAT scan?

A.It is safer than regular X rays.

B.It makes use of computer techniques.

C.It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.

D.It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.

2.The underlined words “a foreign object”(Para 3)most probably refer to      .

A.a badly injured part inside the body

B.a new thing that is unknown to the doctor

C.a strange organ that has grown in the body

D.an object that gets inside the body by chance

3.What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

A.It provides clear photos of moving organs.

B.It can take 3-dimension(三维)pictures of inside organs.

C.It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

D.It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.

4.We can infer from this passage that      .

A.patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation

B.doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners

C.CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines

D.CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it

5.The best title of this passage might be        .

A.the Newest Medical Invention

B.New X-ray Machine to Save Lives

C.How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays

D.Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

 

 

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Up, Up, and Away!
An adventurer who became the first person to fly across the English Channel on a cluster(簇)of balloons has launched a house into the sky just like in the hit movie Up-in reparation for a more ambitious journey and a new record
Fearless Trappe , from North Carolina, stepped into the cartoon themed home before flying above the leon International Balloon Festivel in Mexico more than a week ago.
The 38-year-old Trappe was using the event as a warm-up for his planned trans-Atlantic flight scheduled for next summer ,He aims to complete the 2,500-mile journey in a seven-foot lifeboat carried by 365 huge helium(氦气)ballooms
The brave man is learning to sail a lifeboat ,in case he meeds to ditch (在海中迫降)into the ocean during the danger-filled adventure
He sill fly at between 18,000 feet and 25,000 feet , beating his previous world altitude record of 21,600 feet ,and must fly uninterrupted a distance ten times longer than his previous world record of 230 miles in order to succeed.
The adventurer Trappe ,who holes records for crossing the Alps, flying the most cluster balloons, and the longest distance , has opent his entire carreer ,building up to this ambitious plan.
“I didn’t wake up one day and think:‘I’ going to fly across the Atlantic, ’”he said “he said  Every attempt before this was prepared for this fight ,I’ve been training for a long time”
【小题1】The adventurer flew across the English Channel to          

A.test the balloons
B.launch a house
C.shoot a hit movie
D.prepare for breaking a record
【小题2】To finish the journey ,he will fly a distance of           
A.2500 milesB.18,000 feetC.25,000 feetD.230 miles
【小题3】About the ambitious journey ,which is NIT mentioned in the passage?
A.When he will flyB.How high he sill fly
C.How far he will flyD.How long it will take him
【小题4】How many world records does Jonathan hold?
A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five
【小题5】What does he last paragraph imply?
A.Trappe can’t sleep worrying about the adventure
B.Trappe was born to set world records
C.Trappe always keeps his ambition in mind
D.Trappe never thought of crossing the Ataantic before

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