IV. Reading(30)

A

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject -- and studied the brain—say that they are. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist, and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music.

Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering.

If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great discrepancy? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.

It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music.

Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. A long string of names comes to mind—W.C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker…and so on.

None of this presupposes(假设，意味着) any special innate（先天的）ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.

36. what is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A.    Mathematical ability and musical ability are connected.

B.    Mathematical ability has more to do with the brain than musical ability.

C.    More people are good at music than math.

D.    More research should be done into the relationship between mathematical ability and math ability.

37. The word “discrepancy” (Para. 3) most probably means ____.

A. difference  B. excellence  C. inborn ability     D. inability

(38. What can be inferred about opera?

A.    It requires formal training.

B.    It is often enjoyed by those with strong analytical ability.

C.    It is disliked by blacks.

D.    It is more difficult to learn than classical music.

39. Which of the following statements is true according to the last paragraph?

A.    Blacks have special innate ability in music.

B.    Unlike others, blacks do not have innate ability in music.

C.    Jazz is one of the narrow channels through which blacks express their ability in music.

D.    Those who have money and time choose mathematics over music.

40. which of the following questions does the passage mainly concern?

A.    Are musical ability and mathematical ability connected?

B.    Why have blacks been greatly over represented in the development of American popular misic?

C.    What kinds of music require formal training?

D.    What are the contributions made by black musicians?

 

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　　Harriet Tubman was born a slave. She didn't get a 1 to go to school. 2 a child, she had to work very hard in the fields all day. In this 3 her master could 4 a lot of money when he 5 his crops. Harriet 6 , think that she was being treated fairly. After Harriet grew up, she ran away from the farm to the northern states. 7 , and in Canada, black people were free. Harriet liked to be free, she felt 8 for all of the black people who were 9 slaves. Harriet returned to the south W help other slaves to run away. She made sure they got to 10 .

　　Harriet was in great 11 12 a law that had just been passed. The law 13 it was not permitted to 14 slaves run away. She also found out 15 the slave owners said they would pay $40,000 to anyone who could catch H. Tubman.

　　There were many stories about Harriet 16 , slaves run away . In all, she made nineteen 17 back to the south and led about 300 slaves to freedom. When the Civil War broke out, the northern states 18 against the southern states. Harriet 19 the northern states because the northerners believed that slaves should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied 20 enemy lines until the northern states won the war.

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Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

   A. Top managers.                           B. Language learners.

   C. Serious educators.                      D. Science organizations.

69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

   A. attracted to teaching                   B. tired of teaching

   C. satisfied with teaching                 D. unhappy about teaching

70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

   A. The University of Chicago.         B. Stanford University.

   C. Ohio State University.                 D. Nebraska University.

71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.

   A. he developed a new method of testing        B. he called for free spirit in research

   C. he was still active in giving advice                    D. he still led the Eight-Year Study

My husband and son took a New York-to-Milwaukee flight that was supposed to leave Friday at 11:29 am. The flight boarded after 4 pm and didn’t leave the gate until 4:40, and half an hour later the pilot announced it would be another hour until takeoff. At that point a Jewish family, worried about violating the Sabbath （安息日）, asked to get off. Going back to the gate cost the plane its place in line for takeoff, and the flight was eventually cancelled. Was the airline right to grant that request?
M. W, Norwalk, CONN.
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Situations like that can bring out the worst in people. But despite the increasing resentment（怨恨） of a plane full of people, the pilot tried to do the right thing. He went out of his way to satisfy one family’s urgent need. He should not have done so.
Passengers bought tickets in the belief that the airline’s primary goal was to get them to their destination as close to the schedule as possible. Once they got on the plane and the doors are locked, it’s not correct to announce that the rules have changed and that a personal (as opposed to medical) emergency —no matter how urgent — might take precedence（优先）.
That would be just as true if turning back to the gate had merely cost a few minutes rather than doomed the flight entirely, since on a plane, even a slight delay can spread outward, from the people in the cabin to those meeting them to the passengers waiting to board the plane for the next leg of its journey and so on. It would also be true if the personal emergency were not religious — if someone suddenly realized she’d made a professional mistake that might cost her millions, and she had to race back to the office to fix it.
If a religious practice does nothing to harm others, then airlines should make a reasonable effort to accommodate it. Though that family has every right to observe the Sabbath, it has no right to enlist an airplane full of captive bystanders to help them do so. By boarding a flight on a Friday afternoon, the family knowingly risked running into trouble. The risk was theirs alone to bear.
【小题1】M. W. wrote the letter to ask whether ______.

A．Any religious passenger has the right to ask the pilot to take off

B．The airline has the right to cancel the flight without any reason

C．A flight should meet any passenger’s need despite others’ benefit

D．A plane which has left the gate should give up taking off

【小题2】What do we know from the reply letter?

A．The pilot did the right thing in spite of the fierce resentment.

B．The plane should turn back if anyone aboard is seriously ill.

C．Anybody who has boarded has no chance to get off the plane.

D．Any flight shouldn’t change its schedule no matter what has happened.

【小题3】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Turning back to the gate usually takes a plane quite a long time.

B．Nobody should take precedence to require the plane to turn back to the gate.

C．Even if it had taken a few minutes it was not right to turn back to the gate.

D．It was OK if turning back to the gate hadn’t caused the flight to be cancelled.

【小题4】The author of the reply letter thinks that _________.

A．It’s right for the plane to turn back to the gate to save a passenger’s treasure

B．The Jewish family should give up observing the Sabbath after boarding

C．The biggest problem of turning back is to bring trouble to the pilot

D．The Jewish family had better avoid boarding on Friday afternoon

TODAY, Friday, November 12

JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms, Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m

DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High Street, from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.

SATURDAY, November 13

JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.

MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749.

FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse, Sheen Road, Richmond.

JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.

THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536

SUNDAY, November 14

DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.

FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-members 70p. Tel: 688—4626.

HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.

THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.

1.. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?

A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday.

B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.

C. At the Bull on Saturday.

D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.

2.. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?

A. At the Derby Arms on Friday.            B. At the Black Horse on Friday.

C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday.         D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.

3..You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?

A. 789—6749.          B. 789—4536.       C. 682—1158.       D. 688—4626.

4.. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?

A. Disco at The Lord Napier.               B. The sing-along at The Black Horse.

C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms.   D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head.

5.. You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice?

 l’s Head.

B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms.

C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull.

D. Musical Hal lat The Star＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.