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A. Classroom participation B. Differences in American university education C. Examination system D. Competition among students E. Honest policy in students' school work F. Students' responsibility for learning

1.There is considerable variety in university classrooms in the United States. Because of diverse teaching methods and non-standardized curricula (课程), no two courses are the same.    Undergraduate courses are considerable different from graduate courses. The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities may differ from that in community colleges， which are free and open to everyone.

2.Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.

3.Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades.

4.Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. Thus, cheating on tests, Plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other's ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited (禁止).

5.Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive. International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. in classes where such a grading curve is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer.

 

YOUR mom might cook a bowl of noodle for you on birthday. But in the US, a mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday.

Cupcakes are small, round cakes topped with frosting. It has been an American tradition that moms bring cupcakes to celebrate their child’s birthday.

But recently some doctors have called for this to be banned. They believe cupcakes contribute to child obesity.

Despite their good intentions, however, some people believe that experts are interfering with American culture. The cupcakes is seen as American as apple pie only prettier.

According to Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York university, the cupcakes is the most democratic of desserts. As they are small enough for one person, you don’t have go share your cupcake with anyone –it’s all yours. They are also all the same size, so there can’t be any cries of “she got the bigger piece!”

Each bite can taste different depending on how much icing you have. It is a lesson in self determination. Some people eat only a little of the frosting every time, other have it all in just one bite.

In recent years, eating a cupcake has become as trendy as having a cup of Starbucks coffee.

Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton jokingly promised on a talk show that if she was elected president, a he would give everyone a cupcake on her birthday.

Ruth Reichl, editor---in----chief of gourmet magazine, explains that the rise of the cupcake is very much about going buck to American national identity in food, which is all about comfort. “People want to about when they and their country were innocent,” she said.

1.According to the passage, it has been an American tradition that_______.

A. a party for children is held on their birthday

B. A mom cooks a bowl of noodles for her children on their birthday

C. A mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday and brings it to the classroom

D. parents go traveling with their children on their birthday

2.Why do doctors ask people to ban cupcake on children’s birthday?

A. Because they themselves don’t like cupcake

B. Because they think cupcakes are not so delicious

C. Because they believe cupcakes will cause cries of “she got the bigger piece”.

D. Because they believe cupcakes are one of the causes to make children become fat.

3.The following are true according to Marion Nestle expect that ______

A. the cupcake is more democratic than any other deserts in the US

B. the cupcake is too small to share with others

C. the sizes of cupcakes are the same so it is equal to everyone

D. cupcakes will lead to child obesity so they should be banned

4. Why did the writer mention Hillary Clinton and Ruth Reichl?

A. To arouse the readers’ attention

B. To show that cupcakes are becoming a popular to show kindness and comfort.

C. To make a comparison between them

D. To give readers a general idea of cupcakes

 

A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life ,asked me the question,“Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?” Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster :life isn’t fair. It’s a disappointment, but it’s absolutely true .One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others ,thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be .It’s not and it won’t be .

One of the nice things about surrendering (屈从)to the fact that life isn’t fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have . We know it’s not “life’s job ”to make everything perfect :it’s our own challenge .Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand ; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel unfairly treated.

The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary , it suggests that we should .When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair ,we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves .Pity ,of course ,is a self –defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone ,except to make everyone feel worse than they already do .When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however ,we feel compassion (热情)for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches .The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact .You may be surprised that it can make you out of self-pity and into helpful action.

The writer thought of his friend’s question as a good one because          .

A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinion

B. it made him recall something during his childhood

C. like his friend , he also thought life was unfair

D. he learned something from the question as a youngster

The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that          .

A. it’s nice to accept the injustice of life     B. it’s nice to surrender to life

C. we should not feel sorry for everything    D. we should not surrender to life

From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to life is           .

   A. negative             B. positive        C. self-pity      D. indifferent

Which of the following could be the best title of the text ?

A. A Helpful Action: Try to Feel Compassion     B. A Good Question: Why Life Isn’t Fair

C. Do Our Best to Improve Ourselves           D. Surrender to the Fact That Life Isn’t Fair

Do your spirits soar (猛增) on a sunny day? Do you relax at the sound of flowing water?

    Some scientists suggest that these contacts with nature are good for your health. In one study, hospital patients with a view of trees had shorter hospital stays and less need for pain medications. Another study indicated that prisoners with a view of the outdoors had fewer doctor visits.

    “Why do we desire nature? Maybe we’re programmed to need it, since our ancestors’ survival was so dependent on their connection with nature,” suggests biologist E.O. Wilson.

    Want to find out if contact with nature improves your outlook on life? Try a few of these ideas.

    Hang out a bird feeder and watch the birds that visit it.

    Sit down in the backyard or a nearby park. Close your eyes. What do you hear? Birds singing? The wind in the trees? Crickets (蟋蟀) chirping?

    Find an anthill. Sit down and watch the ants work.

    Take a walk right after a rainstorm. What looks different? Smells different?

    Go barefoot on a sandy beach.

    Open the curtains and the window, if the weather allows it.

    On a windy day, watch the trees.

    Go to a creek, river or park fountain. Listen to the sound of water in motion.

    Camp out in the backyard or at a nearby state park. Use a tent or sleep on the ground.

    Find a wide-open space to study the stars. Learn about the different constellations (星座).

    Raise a garden. Or plant some seeds in a flowerpot.

    Go hiking with your family. Talk about all of the colors you see in nature.

    Take a camera and capture your nature experience.

1.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.

A. prisoners don’t like to go to the doctor when ill   B. trees can be used as pain medications

C. prisoners should often get out of prison to come into contact with nature

D. contacts with nature are very helpful for hospital patients

2.According to E.O. Wilson, we desire nature probably because ______.

A. it can help us feel relaxed

B. we have inherited (继承) from our ancestors who were dependent on nature

C. people have lived with nature for thousands of years

D. contacts with nature can improve a person’s outlook on life

3. From the passage, we can learn that ______.

A. studying the constellations is important to everyone

B. you can know all the colors only by going hiking

C. nature is quite important to us    D. walking in a rainstorm can be very helpful

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Go hiking with your familyB. Let nature nurture you.

C.Visit your doctor less.D.Watch the trees more often.

 

FreeRice.com is a non-profit website run by the United Nations World Food Program (UNWFP). It aims to provide education to everyone for free and help end world hunger. Join us and have fun with our vocabulary game. For each vocabulary word you get right, we donate free rice through UNWFP to those hungry people.

How do you play the vocabulary game?

Click on the answer that is closest in meaning to the word. If you get it right, you get a harder word. If wrong, you get an easier word. For each word you get right, we donate 20 grains of rice to UNWFP.

How does the vocabulary game help you?

This game may make you smarter. While learning new vocabulary, it can help you:

★Present your ideas better

★Write better papers, e-mails and business letters

★Speak more accurately and influentially

★Read faster because you understand better

★Get better grades in high school and college

★Perform better at job interviews

★Be more effective and successful at your job

After you have done FreeRice for a couple of days, you may notice a phenomenon. Words that you have never consciously used before will begin to pop into your head while you are speaking or writing. You will feel yourself using and knowing more words.

How does the FreeRice vocabulary program work?

FreeRice has a database containing thousands of words at different levels of difficulty. There are words proper for people just learning English and words that will challenge the most learned professors. In between are thousands of words for students, business people, doctors, truck drivers… everyone!

FreeRice adjusts to your level of vocabulary. It starts by giving you words at different levels of difficulty and then, based on how you do, designs a proper starting level for you. When you get a word wrong, you go to an easier level. When you get three words in a row right, you go to a harder level. There are 60 levels in all, but it is rare for people to get above Level 50.

Sign up now and you will have fun as well as help end world hunger.

1.According to the passage, the purpose of the vocabulary game is to ______.

A．combine English learning with helping hungry people

B．make it popular in English-speaking countries

C．encourage people to produce more rice

D．provide English learning for poor areas

2.Playing the vocabulary game enables you to ______.

A．develop some new ideas

B．increase chances of job interview

C．be admitted to a university

D．perform better in a speech competition

3.People of different vocabulary levels can play the game because ______.

A．it is free of charge

B．it offers fair chances to everyone

C．it changes levels with their performance

D．it meets the needs of people in different fields