完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

My grandmother became a widow in 1970. Shortly after that, we went to the  21  shelter to pick out a dog to keep her  22  . Grandma decided on a little dog with a reddish-brown spot above each eye.  23  these spots, the dog was named Penny.

Grandma and Penny quickly became very  24  to each other, but that attachment grew much stronger about three years later  25  Grandma had a stroke（中风）. Grandma could no longer  26  , so when she came home from the hospital, she and Penny were  27  companions.

After her stroke, it became a real  28  for Grandma to let Penny in and out because  29  was at the bottom of a flight of stairs. So a mechanism（机械装置）using a rope and pulley（滑轮）was   30  from the door to a handle at the top of the stairs. Grandma just had to pull the handle to open and close the door. If the store was   31  Penny’s favorite dog food, Grandma would make one of us  32  Penny browned beef with potatoes in it. I can remember   33  my grandmother by saying that she loved that dog better than she loved her family.

As the years passed, it was not  34  for Grandma and Penny to separate each other. If Grandma went to take her nap（打盹）, Penny stayed by her side until she  35  . As Penny aged, she could no longer jump up on the bed, so she   36  on the rug （垫子）beside the bed. If Grandma went into the   37  , Penny would walk along beside her, wait outside the door and accompany her   38  to the bed or chair. Grandma never went anywhere without her   39  companion by her side.

The time came when both my grandmother’s and Penny’s   40  were failing fast. After fifteen years of loving companionship, Grandma and Penny passed away within a few hours of each other.

A．animal  B．toy  C．fish D．bird

A．business    B．firm C．company  D．friend

A．In spite of B．Because of   C．Instead of   D．In front of

A．linked  B．fastened C．attached D．tied

A．before  B．while    C．until    D．when

A．think   B．speak    C．work D．study

A．contrary    B．content  C．confident    D．constant

A．problem B．question C．practice D．rule

A．the door    B．Grandma  C．the window   D．Penny

A．repaired    B．fixed    C．bought   D．loaded

A．    out of  B．ahead of C．away from    D．apart from

A．show    B．hand C．borrow   D．cook

A．drawing attention to    B．making use of   

    C．breaking away from   D．making fun of

A．necessary   B．possible C．important    D．convenient

A．recovered   B．awoke    C．slept    D．screamed

A．rolled  B．stood    C．waited   D．lay

A．reading room    B．bedroom  C．shop D．bathroom

A．back    B．up   C．off  D．down

A．splendid    B．remote   C．faithful D．legal

A．smell   B．health   C．habit    D．living

Tom was about to close the window__________his attention was eaught by a bird.

A.when     B.if     C.and     D.till

There are a lot of differences in life in the US that you can only learn by living here. However, we will try to introduce you to some of the more important cultural differences.
Personal Space
When two people are talking to each other, they tend to stand a distance apart. Each person has an invisible boundary (界限) around their body into which other people may not come.
Interestingly，the average personal distance varies from culture to culture. Americans tend to require more personal space than in other cultures. So if you try to get too close to an American during your conversation, he or she will feel that you are “in their face” and will try to back away.
Try to avoid physical contact while you are speaking, since this may also lead to discomfort.
Tipping(小费)
Restaurants do not include a service charge in the bill, so you should tip the waiter 15% of the total bill. If service is slow or particular bad, some Americans will tip only 10%. If service is particularly good, it is appropriate to tip 20%. If service is so bad that you will never eat in the restaurant again, leave two cents. It tells the waiter that you haven’t forgotten to leave a tip. Tipping is only appropriate in restaurants which offer table service. You do not tip the cashier in a fast food restaurant.
Gestures
To wave goodbye or hello to someone, raise your hand and wave it from side to side, not front to back. Wave the whole hand, not just the fingers. Waving the hand front to back or the fingers up and down means “no”, “stop”, or “go away’. Holding your hand up with the palm facing forward but no movement means “stop”.
If you want to point at an object, extend the index finger and use it to point at the object. It is not polite to point at people.
Although showing your fist with the thumb up or your open hand with the tips of the thumb and index finger together forming an “O” means “OK”， these are stereotypes (老套). Americans understand these gestures, but they are mainly used by actors in movies, not in real life.
【小题1】 If an American to whom you are speaking backs away a little, you’d better __________.

A．not try to close the gap	B．stop talking with him or her
C．back away too	D．ask him or her what happened

【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE when you eat out in the US?

A．The tip always ranges from 10% to 20% of the total bill.

B．You needn’t leave a tip if you will never eat in the restaurant.

C．It’s unnecessary to tip the waiter in a restaurant.

D．Tipping is not necessary in fast food restaurants.

【小题3】Which of the following gestures is not used in Americans’ daily life?
A               B.             C.               D.
.         
【小题4】We can learn from the passage that in the US ___________________.

A．it’s natural to touch each other in a conversation.

B．it’s polite to leave a tip though the service is bad.

C．there is only one gesture meaning “stop”.

D．Americans use the same gesture to point at people and objects.

IN    THE    BEDROOM

Don’t smoke in bed ------it causes 1000 fires a year, many with fatal (致命的)results.

Don’t overload your electrical points: the right way is “one appliance（电器）, one socket”（插座）.

Don’t use an electric underblanket over you or an overblanket under you. An underblanket , unless of the low- voltage type, MUST be switched off before you get into bed.

Never let furniture or clothing get close to a lighted fire. Make sure that there is a suitable guard for the room heater.

Keep aerosol-type containers （喷雾器）away from heat and NEVER burn or puncture（刺穿）them.

Don’t dim a table lamp by covering it: buy a low-wattage bulb（灯泡）.

Pajamas （睡衣）and nightdresses, especially for children and elderly people, should be made from flame- resistant material.

IF  CUT   OFF　BY  FIRE

Close the door of the room and any fanlight or other opening and block up any cracks （缝隙）with bedding, etc.

Go to the window and try to attract attention.

If the room fills with smoke, lean out of the window unless prevented by smoke and flame coming from a room below or nearby. If you cannot lean out of the window, lie close to the floor where the air is clearer until you hear the fire brigade（队）.

If you have to escape before the fire brigade arrives, make a rope by knotting together sheets or similar materials and tie it to a bed or another heavy piece of furniture.

If you cannot make a rope and the situation becomes intolerable（难耐的），drop cushions or bedding from the window to break your fall, get through the window feet first, lower yourself to the full extent of your arms and drop.

If possible drop from a position above soft earth. If above the first floor, drop only as a last resort.

1. According to the instructions, fires in the bedroom can be caused by ________.

A. one appliance, one socket

B. smoking in bed

C. underblankets, of the low- voltage type

D. all of the above-mentioned points

2. In the bedroom, you are told _______.

A. not to use an electric underblanket or an electric overblanket.

B. to use an underblanket of the low-voltage type

C. to switch off an underblanket of the low- voltage type

D. not to use an electric underblanket over you

3. You should keep furniture or clothes away from a lighted fire because ________.

A. the fire is too low

B. furniture or clothes block light

C. there is no guard in the room

D. furniture or clothes catch fire easily

4. If you are cut off by fire, you should first ______.

A. try to stop smoke from coming into the room

B. lie down and wait for the fire brigade

C. escape by jumping immediately out of the window

D. close the window and call for help

 

 

Besides calling 911, here is what to do in some life-threatening emergencies when no oneis

around to help.

Lost in the wilderness

First, you’ve got to acknowledge you’re in trouble. Stay where

you can be seen clearly and remember to rest. Keeping a sense

of humor helps too—it reduces stress and helps creative thinking.

In a wide open area, make a colorful cross out of rocks to show

your present position.

Choking

Aim to hit the top of the chair against your stomach, in the soft part

below the bony upside-down V of the ribs（肋骨）. Make a sudden

push against the chair. If you still can’t breathe after six tries, call 911,

even if you can’t talk. Write the word choking somewhere nearby, and

leave the line open until help arrives.

Severe bleeding

Use your hand or clean cotton, or paper towels, or a scarf,

or any cloth you can find, and push down on the wound

until the bleeding stops. But if you put a band around

your leg tightly, you’re going to close the vessels（血管）

to the entire leg. In this way, you could lose your foot.

Bear attack

If you surprise a bear, don’t run away. That invites an attack.

Instead, stand up and back away slowly, without looking the

bear in the eyes. If it does charge at you, stick out your chest,

raise your arms, and spread your legs. Shout at the bear, to

frighten it. If it’s going to attack, lie facedown, with your hands

held firmly behind your neck. Play dead until you’re sure the bear

is gone.

1.When you see a colorful cross made of rocks in the wilderness, you know     .

       A．someone is bleeding B．someone is choking

       C．someone is lost        D．someone is attacked by a bear

2.If you are still choking after six tries, you should          .

       A．keep a sense of humor     B．call 911 and leave the line open

       C．use your hand our clean cotton       D．lie down with your hands behind your neck

3.Don’t tie around your bleeding leg tightly, or you could         .

      A．stop bleeding          B．reduce stress

       C．lose your foot          D．cause breathlessness

4.The passage is mainly teaching us how to       .

       A．survive the emergencies  B．avoid a bear attack

       C．deal with a choke         D．find our way