CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.

The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.

"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.

"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.

The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.

When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably（尤其）the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.

Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.

The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin.

Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (组织)that supports both the skin and the internal organs.

1.The best title for this passage would be_______.

A．The danger of smoking                   B．Smoking causes skin aging

C．Quit smoking for health                   D．A survey of smokers

2.It can be inferred from the study _______ .

A．smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun

B．smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs

C．smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin

D．the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test

3. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_____.

A．it will lower blood supply to skin            B．it can make you feel tired

C．it can make skin come off                 D．it can make blood run faster

4.The main purpose of the passage is to ______.

A．inform people about the result of the study

B．advise people how to protect skin

C．warn people not to smoke again

D．introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging

In Egypt, smoke-filled offices are common along with taxi drivers who light one cigarette after another while stuck in Cairo’s heavy traffic. Non-smoking sections in restaurants are unheard of and water pipes which fill cafes often overflow onto sidewalks, leaving the sweet smell of fruit-flavored tobacco lingeringon the streets.

    But some doctors and lawmakers here want to change this culture of Egypt’s. The country’s parliament recently passed laws banning smoking in some public places including government buildings, schools and hospitals. It also calls for health warnings to be put on cigarette packs and allows the government to increase the price of tobacco, according to parliament member Hamdiel-Sayyed, who proposed the new laws. If individuals break the law, they could be fined up to $17. Tobacco factories can be forced to pay about $3,500, if they don’t follow the law and advertise their products.

    Egypt’s laws are modest compared to other countries including Britain and some American cities where smoking in all indoor public places is banned. But they are a start, especially for a country where 80 billion cigarettes are smoked a year. “Part of the objective is to keep children and young people from becoming smoking addicts,” said el-Sayyed.

    But in a country burdened by poverty and high unemployment, will the laws be able to force people not to smoke?

    Mustafa Ahmed, 25, said laws to ban smoking are a good idea in principle but are not realistic. “Smoking is popular in Egypt. There is a lot of pressure on people here, especially because the economy is bad. People smoke because they think it will relax them.”

    Sherif Omar, a parliament member, also has his doubts about the new laws. “Laws by themselves don’t work well unless you have education in schools and in the media,” he said.

59. What does the underlined part “this culture” in the second paragraph refer to?

A. Heavy traffic — a big headache for drivers.    B. No non-smoking areas in buildings.

C. The wide-spread smoking habit in Egypt. 

D. No effective measures taken to stop smoking.

60. Which of the following is NOT a part of the new laws passed by the parliament?

A. Not allowing tobacco advertising.      B. Warning people of the danger of smoking.

C. Allowing the government to increase the price of tobacco.

D. People who break the law will be fined up to $3,500.

61. Compared with Britain, Egypt’s laws _______.

A. will be more effective in reducing smoking     B. set stricter limits on smoking

C. do not set very strict limits on smoking        D. will not be effective

62. According to Sherif Omar, the new laws are hard to carry out because _______.

A. Egyptians face high work pressure     B. Egyptians are addicted to smoking

C. many people are strongly against these laws 

D. people don’t receive anti-smoking education

63. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Egypt starts to ban smoking everywhere.

B. Egypt attempts to control smoking in public places.

C. Egypt’s laws increase people’s sense of health.

D. Egypt’s laws aren’t supported by the common people.

阅读理解

　　Today, less than three Americans in ten smoke. That means that about 50 million adults are still hooked on cigarettes.

　　The social pressures to stop smoking are growing. Many workplaces ban or limit smoking. Other public places such as shopping halls and supermarkets are smoke-free.

　　About 80 percent of smokers say they would like to kick the habit. But they know it is not an easy task.

　　Research shows that it takes 4 to 10 tries before a person takes his last puff. Two researchers, John Farquhar and Gene Spiller, interviewed 30 people who had given up smoking for keeps. They found that each person discovered his or her own reason for giving up tobacco.

　　One woman said she quit after she took a hard look at one of her smoking friends. She reported that her friend “was beginning to look like an ashtray”. The friend had gray skin, yellow teeth, and limp hair.

　　One man quit after his wife agreed that they should buy a fancy new car. The catch was that she didn't want him to smoke in it. The car arrived and they took a three-week, smoke-free trip in it. Most those who gave up smoking thought about it for a long time. Many found it easier to do when they were on vacation.

　　Ninety percent of those who quit did so on their own. They simply stopped cold turkey.

　　Smoking causes about 1, 000 deaths every day in the United States. It causes an even greater number of serious illnesses in smokers as well as in non-smokers. If you live or work with a smoker, your own health may suffer. The Environmental Protection Agency now lists tobacco as a serious health hazard.

1．As used in the passage, “take one's last puff” means ________.

[　　]

A．to stop smoking

B．to kick a habit

C．to be hooked on cigarettes

D．to have one's last try

2．How did most smokers give up tobacco?

[　　]

A．They did unwillingly.

B．They were forced to do so.

C．Simply by smoking no more.

D．By encouraging each other.

3．What's the attitude of the Environmental Protection Agency toward tobacco?

[　　]

4．The best title for this selection is ________.

[　　]

A．Health Hazard

B．No Smoking

C．Adults Smoke No More

D．People Choose to Quit Smoking

.
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.
"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.
"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.
The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin.
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.
66. The best title for this passage would be_______.
A. The danger of smoking        B. A survey of smokers
C. Quit smoking for health       D. Smoking causes skin aging
67.  how wrinkled each person's skin doesn’t relate to_______.
A. the number of cigarettes a person smokes
B. the kind and characteristics of skin
C. how long a person smokes
D. how long skin is under sunlight
68. It can be inferred from the study _______.
A. smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun age
B. smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs
C. smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin
D. the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test
69. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_____.
A. it will lower blood supply to skin.
B. it can make you feel tired
C. it can make skin come off
D. it can make blood run faster
70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. inform people about the result of the study
B. advise people to how to protect skin
C. warn people not to smoke again.
D. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging

.

CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.

The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.

"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.

"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.

The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.

When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.

Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.

The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin.

Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.

66. The best title for this passage would be_______.

A. The danger of smoking        B. A survey of smokers

C. Quit smoking for health       D. Smoking causes skin aging

67.  how wrinkled each person's skin doesn’t relate to_______.

A. the number of cigarettes a person smokes

B. the kind and characteristics of skin

C. how long a person smokes

D. how long skin is under sunlight

68. It can be inferred from the study _______.

A. smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun age

B. smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs

C. smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin

D. the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test

69. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_____.

A. it will lower blood supply to skin.

B. it can make you feel tired

C. it can make skin come off

D. it can make blood run faster

70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.

A. inform people about the result of the study

B. advise people to how to protect skin

C. warn people not to smoke again.

D. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging