阅读填空: 阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。

If people work to meet their needs, it would be good to know what these needs are. They are very simple. Dr. Maslow has suggested that people have only five needs. Everyone has them, and everyone spends his or her life trying to satisfy them. Although we may try to satisfy our needs in different ways, we all are trying to satisfy the same needs. In a way, it is these needs, which are common to all people that make us human. They seem to be a basic part of human nature.

The needs, which occur in the order shown below, can briefly be described as follows:

1. The Physiological Needs--Our needs for the things that keep our bodies alive – food, water, air, rest, elimination, etc. These needs come first. We must meet them or we will die.

2. The Safety Needs--First we need to stay alive, and then we need to be safe. There are two kinds of safety needs: the need to be physically safe and the need to be psychologically safe or secure.

3. The Belongingness Needs--Once we are alive and safe, we then try to satisfy our social need, a need to be with and accepted by other people. We discover our need for love.

4. The Esteem Needs--After our first three needs are fairly well met, we try to satisfy a fourth need. This is a need for recognition, respect, reputation. The need has two parts: self esteem(thinking well of ourselves) and the esteem of others.

5. The Self--Actualization Needs--The highest need of man is to actualize himself, to achieve his full potential, to become all that he might be. This need is one that no one ever satisfies completely, partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.

If Dr. Maslow is correct, those are the things we are after. Our work, rest, play--whatever we do--is done in an effort to meet one or more of those needs.

81. _____________

填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分l0分）

    阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。

What causes traffic jams? Too many cars，right? No! Some Brits are now saying that trafficlights are to blame for much of the congestion.

They suggest that traffic lights be removed at busy roads．They believe people are a better judge of when it’s safe to go，not a traffic light programmed by an absent regulator．

A report from the Institute of Economic Affairs，a UK think tank（智囊团），argues that

abolishing traffic signals would decrease congestion，reduce exhaust（废气）emissions（排放）and improve safety．

The report said that removing lights should also prevent other bad behavior caused by signals．such、as speeding up to catch a green light It would also avoid the wasted time when drivers have to sit at a red light even if no one is using the green

The idea may sound strange，but it’s not new．Seven cities and regions in Europe are experimenting with no-lights roads．

Drachten in the Netherlands has gotten rid of 16 of its traffic light crossings and changed the other two to roundabouts under a“shared space”scheme．At crossings, cyclists dutifully raise their arm when they want to make a turn，and drivers follow a first．arrived，first．through approach and communicate by hand signs，nods and waving．The result? Typical journey time has been cut in half and accidents and congestion have mostly disappeared．

There have been small collisions but no problem，said Hans Monderman，creator of the scheme．“We want small accidents，in order to prevent serious ones．It works well because it’s dangerous．The driver has to be responsible for his or her own risk

 “The many rules take away the ability to be considerate”Monderman added．“We’re losing our responsibility for socially responsible behavior．”

 So far，Drachten’s locals have called the experiment a success．“I am used to it now，”said Helena Spaanstra．24．“You drive more slowly and carefully．but somehow you seem to get around town quicker．

    Tony Ooostward，70，was equally enthusiastic．“I am a walker and now you are the boss at the crossroads，everyone waits for you．But at the same time walkers wait until there are a number of people wanting to cross at the same time．”

    Owen Paterson，UK’s Shadow Transport Minister。visited Drachten．He said Britain should learn from the model．“The idea is to create space where there is mild anxiety among everyone so they all behave cautiously．No one drives fast along a busy street thinking that they have right of way．”

The model is being tested in London’s Kensington neighborhood．

阅读填空: 阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。
If people work to meet their needs, it would be good to know what these needs are. They are very simple. Dr. Maslow has suggested that people have only five needs. Everyone has them, and everyone spends his or her life trying to satisfy them. Although we may try to satisfy our needs in different ways, we all are trying to satisfy the same needs. In a way, it is these needs, which are common to all people that make us human. They seem to be a basic part of human nature.
The needs, which occur in the order shown below, can briefly be described as follows:
1. The Physiological Needs--Our needs for the things that keep our bodies alive – food, water, air, rest, elimination, etc. These needs come first. We must meet them or we will die.
2. The Safety Needs--First we need to stay alive, and then we need to be safe. There are two kinds of safety needs: the need to be physically safe and the need to be psychologically safe or secure.
3. The Belongingness Needs--Once we are alive and safe, we then try to satisfy our social need, a need to be with and accepted by other people. We discover our need for love.
4. The Esteem Needs--After our first three needs are fairly well met, we try to satisfy a fourth need. This is a need for recognition, respect, reputation. The need has two parts: self esteem(thinking well of ourselves) and the esteem of others.
5. The Self--Actualization Needs--The highest need of man is to actualize himself, to achieve his full potential, to become all that he might be. This need is one that no one ever satisfies completely, partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.
If Dr. Maslow is correct, those are the things we are after. Our work, rest, play--whatever we do--is done in an effort to meet one or more of those needs.
81. _____________

填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语,每空不超过3个单词。

   The World Bank，the United Nations and the London School Of Hygiene and Tropica1 Medicine did a study to urge hand—washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand—washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease．

    Doctors say，many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand—washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫)，influenza(流行性感冒)，the common cold，hepatitis(肝炎)A，meningitis(脑膜炎)and infectious diarrhea．(腹泻)

    Hand--washing destroys germs from other people，animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands，they can infect themselves by touching their eyes，nose or mouth．Then these people can infect other people．  

   The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed．Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.

The experts say that hand--washing is especially important before and after preparing food，before eating and after using the toilet．People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste，and after cleaning a baby．The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing．And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick．The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water．They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap．Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds．The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗)the hands with water and dry them．

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