Researchers at Yale, Texas A&M and Boston University predict that by 2030 urban areas will expand by more than 463,000 square miles, or l．2 million square kilometers． That is equal to 20,000 American football fields becoming urban every day for the first three decades of this century．

The growth in urban areas will go with the construction of roads and buildings, water and sanitation facilities, and energy and transport systems that will transform land cover and cities globally． Recent estimates suggest that between $25 trillion（万亿） and $30 trillion will be spent on infrastructure（基础设施） worldwide by 2030, with $100 billion a year in China alone．

"Considering the long life and near unavoidability of infrastructure investments, it will be critical for current urbanization-related policies to consider their lasting impacts," said Karen Seto, lead author of the study． "We have a huge opportunity to shape how cities develop and their environmental  impacts．"

Nearly half of the increase in high-probability ----defined as greater than 75 percent ---- urban expansion is forecasted to occur in Asia, with China and India absorbing 55 percent of the regional total． In China, urban- expansion is expected to create a l,l00-mile coastal urban corridor from Hangzhou to Shenyang． In India, urban expansion will be gathered around seven state capital cities, with large areas of low-probability growth forecasted for the Himalaya region where many small villages and towns currently exist．

Africa's urban land cover will grow the fastest, at 590 percent above the 2000 level of 16,000 square miles． Urban expansion win be concentrated in that continent's five regions: the Nile River in Egypt; the coast of West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; the northern shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya and Uganda and extending into Rwanda and Burundi; the Kano region in northern Nigeria; and greater Addis Ababa, Ethiopia．

"Urban expansion is concentrated in． only a few areas where there are large cities and industry," said Seto． "From the northern shore of Lake Victoria down to Rwanda is also a major hotspot of urban expansion．"

In North America, where 78 percent of the total population lives in urban areas, urban land cover will nearly double by 96,000 square miles by 2030．The study also forecasts that 48 of the 221 countries in the study will experience insignificant amounts of urban expansion． "

1.As for China, the expansion of urban area means          ．

A．$ 100 billion will be spent on infrastructure a year

B．creating a coastal urban corridor from Hangzhou to Qingdao

C．it will become the fastest developing country in the next decade

D．it will make up 55% of the increase in urban expansion in Asia

2.According to the passage infrastructure doesn't include          ．

A．construction of roads                    B．sanitation facilities

C．energy systems                         D．land cover transformation

3.In paragraph three the underlined word “their lasting impacts” refers to the impacts of           .

A．the development of cities                 B．urbanization-related policies

C．infrastructure in vestments                D．China’s expansion of urban area

4.The best title for this passage should be                  .

A．The limitation of urban expansion

B．More investment on infrastructure

C．The fast development of the third world

D．The future urban expansion of the world

 

根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。

1.He made an ________（道歉）to his manager for his being late．

2.A beautiful lady opened the door and came in, _____(跟随着) by another who looked younger.

3.Much attention should be paid to _________(保护) the environment.

4.There _____________(存在) the generation gap between our parents and us today.

5.Canada has two_______________ （官方的） languages—French and English．

6.I’d like to invite you to come to my birthday next _____________（星期二）.

7.Christopher was born and brought up in France, but he speaks English _________(流利).

8.Would you like my old TV in _____________(交换) for this camera?

9.Only a few people have         (进入、有权接触) to the full facts of the case.

10.To celebrate my grandpa’s_______(百岁) birthday, all of my family got together yesterday.

 

Years ago, I lived in a building in a large city. The building next door was only a few feet away from mine. There was a woman who lived there, whom I had never met, yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon, sewing or reading.

     After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty. Everything was unclear through the dirty window. I would say to myself, "I wonder why that woman doesn't wash her window. It really looks terrible."

   One bright morning I decided to clean my flat, including washing the window on the inside.

   Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise! Across the way, the woman sitting by her window was clearly visible. Her window was clean!

Then it dawned on me. I had been criticizing (????) her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.

That was quite an important lesson for me. How often had I looked at and criticized others through the dirty window of my heart, through my own shortcomings?

Since then, whenever I wanted to judge (????) someone, I asked myself first, "Am I looking at him through my own dirty window?"

    Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world about me more clearly.

1.The writer couldn't see everything clearly through the window because_____.

A. the woman's window was dirty

B. the writer's window was dirty

C. the woman lived nearby

D. the writer was near-sighted

2.The writer was surprised that_____.

A. the woman was sitting by her window

B. the woman's window was clean

C. the woman did cleaning in the afternoon

D. the woman's window was still terrible

3.The underlined sentence "It dawned on me" probably means "____".

A. I began to understand it           B. it cheered me up

C. I knew it grew light              D. it began to get dark

4.It's clear that _____.

A. the writer had never met the woman before

B. the writer often washed the window

C. they both worked as cleaner

D. they lived in a small town

5.From the passage, we can learn ______.

A. one shouldn't criticize others very often

B. one should often make his windows clean

C. one must judge himself before he judges others

D. one must look at others through his dirty windows

 

Many adults in the United States can remember crying the nursery rhyme in the street "Hot cross buns!" But only a few people realize this was an early form of advertising.

Written advertisements probably began with hieroglyphics more than three thousand years ago, but only a few people could read these symbols. So merchants made signs with pictures or hung their tools over their doors to identify their businesses.

In the time of the Roman Empire, wall paintings were a popular form of advertisement. An ad for a play, or some other performance was painted on part of a building or on a wall around a city. People often advertised a house for rent or a freshwater bath in this way, too.

Today, large wall signs are still used for outdoor advertising. But outdoor advertising is only a small fraction of the total advertising. About forty per -cent of all ads are printed in daily newspapers. Radio commercials also provide this kind of information. Some people think they are the best form of advertising because radio broadcasts reach almost everyone in a nation.

Advertisements in magazines and on television reach many people, too. However, usually only large companies can advertise on a national network, because TV commercials shown across the country can cost many thousands of dollars.

Then there are ads that are almost part of daily living. If you use public transportation, you will see large printed ads, called ear cards, on buses and taxis and in trains. Ads are painted on the trucks that deliver products people are buying or selling.

1.Which is the passage mainly discussing?

A．Modern advertising                     B．Significance of advertising

C．Development of advertising               D．Origin of advertising

2.Which of the following is the original form of advertising?

A．Signs with pictures                      B．Wall signs

C．Street crying                           D．Wall painting

3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hieroglyphics” in Paragraph 2?

A．A signal           B．A signature        C．A symbol          D．A form

4.Why did the merchants make signs with pictures or hang their tools over their doors ?

A．To have their houses decorated.

B．To make their business known by public.

C．To enable people to learn how to read

D．To advertise their houses to rent

5.Radio commercials are the best form of advertising because ____________.

A．they can be heard everywhere in a country

B．they are cheap and fast

C．they are most recently developed

D．they can be understood by those who can neither read nor write

 

Charlie was a rich boy who had more toys than you could imagine. His family had a lot of money, and   1  he liked something, they would buy it for him. Then, he had no idea what things cost, and wouldn't   2  to take care of what he had. Nor did he realise how difficult it was for other children to get toys like the ones he had.

A time came, though, when he was   3  used to all his toys and various stuff that he began to want something   4 . One of his uncles found a fine horse and he gave it to Charlie. Charlie was very   5  at having a horse. He had never got something like that before.

However, he   6  the horse just as badly as he did all his other toys, and it soon started looking   7 . For the first time in his life Charlie became truly   8 . He loved the horse, and the fact that his family had offered to exchange it for a new one meant nothing to him. One day, while in the countryside, he saw a girl with a horse. The girl looked very poor, but the horse seemed happy and looked great.

Wondering how she had   9  this, Charlie secretly followed her, watching everything she did. First he followed them through the forest, where he saw that she never used the whip, and never   10  the horse. Then they came to the stable, and   11  they arrived the girl fed and watered the horse. Then she carefully groomed (照顾) it. Charlie was surprised. This was the   12  of what Charlie had done to his horse.

Charlie wanted to   13  and become like the girl. As no one had shown him how to do this, he 14   to her and asked her to teach him how to look after his horse. After her initial surprise, she happily  15 . With her he learned how to   16  care and effort into things. He learned that he could be much   17  with only a few special things that you truly   18  , than with thousands of toys that were only good for a short time and were then   19  aside. When the horse finally   20  all its strength and health, Charlie was happy that his effort had been worthwhile.

1.                A．whichever      B．whenever       C．whatever D．however

 

2.                A．refuse         B．bother         C．obey D．hesitate

 

3.                A．so             B．as             C．quite D．very

 

4.                A．usual          B．different        C．right D．expensive

 

5.                A．excited         B．interested       C．annoyed  D．hopeful

 

6.                A．operated       B．commanded     C．trained   D．treated

 

7.                A．tired           B．puzzled         C．grateful   D．sick

 

8.                A．worried        B．patient         C．ashamed  D．doubtful

 

9.                A．controlled      B．learned         C．managed  D．prepared

 

10.               A．scratched       B．hit            C．broke D．damaged

 

11.               A．even if         B．every time      C．now that   D．soon after

 

12.               A．glory          B．devotion        C．opposite   D．assumption

 

13.               A．change         B．continue        C．inspect    D．overcome

 

14.               A．got over        B．turned over     C．took over  D．went over

 

15.               A．agreed         B．received        C．adopted   D．responded

 

16.               A．give           B．put            C．spend D．take

 

17.               A．stringer        B．higher         C．happier   D．smarter

 

18.               A．cared for       B．cut down       C．poured into    D．looked up

 

19.               A．picked         B．dropped        C．passed    D．thrown

 

20.               A．relieved        B．recovered      C．lost   D．grasped