Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city．However, there’s something different about riding a London subway．It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England’s most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London．With a little under 300 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go．

Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other．In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times．That’s not rudeness―people are just too busy to bother looking．

Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they’re certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking．Nor are they reading a book．New technology has replaced quiet habits．Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book．

Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters（使用月票上下班者）．Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000―yes, that’s 40,000 “apps” have been designed．

Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers．One “app”, called iShoot, is a game that features tanks．Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination．iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone．You can then write in the “steam” on your phone screen．

For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction（消遣）of choice．It’s not just teenagers who “plug in” to their music－iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages．

And if games, e-books and music aren’t enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work．With all these distractions, it’s amazing that people still remember to get off the train．

1.Those who want to save time to reach where they go can download ______ to their iPhones．

A．iShoot

B．iPod

C．iSteam

D．Tube Exits

2.People in London do not make eye contact on the subway because ______．

A．they are going to work and have no time to communicate with each other

B．they are busy playing games, reading e-books, listening to music or watching film

C．they feel sleepy because of getting up early

D．they love reading books and do not want to be disturbed

3.The underlined word “apps” in the fourth paragraph means ______．

A．computers

B．fortune from London commuters

C．computer companies

D．programs downloaded for the iPhone

4.Which word best describes the writer’s attitude towards commuters’ behaviors ?

A．for

B．neutral

C．against

D．hateful

5.The main idea of the passage is that ______．

A．London commuters are unfriendly to strangers

B．technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time

C．Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps

D．riding a London subway is a must when visiting London

 

The Healthy Habits Survey（调查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?

·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.

·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.

2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?

·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.

·Step：We touch our faces around 3, 000 times a day-often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.

3. How often do you think about fighting germs?

·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.

·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

1.What is found out American seniors?

A．Most of then have good habits.

B．Nearly 30%of then bathe three days a week.

C．All of then are fighting germs better than expected.

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

2.Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands          .

A．twice a day                            B．three times a day

C．four times a day                        D．eight times a day

3.Which of the following is true according to the text ?

A．We should keep from touching our faces.

B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

4.The text probably comes from            .

A．a guide book                           B．a popular magazine

C．a book review                          D．an official document

 

Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.

“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.

For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.

Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully  — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.

1.What’s the purpose of children telling lies?

   A. To help their friends out.

B. To get rid of trouble.

   C. To get attention from others.

D. To create a popular image.

2.The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “       ”.

A. tell lies                                B. handle troubles

C. raise questions                      D. do research

3.From the second paragraph we can know that       .

    A. which factors can reduce lying

B. why some lie more than others

C. it is normal for kids to tell lies

D. how lying changes as kids grow

4.It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A. children’s lies are the same as adults’

B. the better kids are, the more they lie

C. the older kids are, the more they lie

D. kids always keep the truth in their mind

5.What is NOT included in the passage?

A. The reasons why kids tell lies.

B. Which kind of kids tells more lies.

C. Experiments about lying of young kids.

D. What to do with lying children.

 

America is a country on the move. In unheard?of numbers, people of all ages are exercising  their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 4 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.

It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads of everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 195s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer-forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise.

As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.

5.It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise .

A.are to be further studied                     B.are self?evident

C.are yet to be proved                         D.are supported by scientific evidence

6.A growing interest in sports developed after___________ .

A.an increasing number of races were held in American cities

B.research showed their health benefits

C.scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV ads

D.people got the message from magazine covers and postage stamps

7.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Exercise-The Road to Health                 B.Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits

C.Different Forms of Exercise                  D.Running-A Popular Form of Sport

8.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “leveled off” in the paragraph 2?

A.“reached its lowest level in popularity”         B.“stopped being popular”

C.“stopped increasing in popularity”             D.“become very popular”

In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people ______ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.

A．that              B．where            C．whom            D．which