The speed and convenience of modern travel means that destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though” faraway” countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. 【小题1】  Following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier, and your trip more enjoyable.
【小题2】   If you don not know the word for something in local language, or can not make yourself understood verbally, try drawing a picture, or pointing to an object.
Avoid topics of conversation that you think may be sensitive. 【小题3】  .Feel free to show interest in the history and customs of the place you are visiting, but don’t ask too many questions about why things are done a certain way; you may offend the local people.
    【小题4】  Kissing on the street or in public places is unacceptable behavior and should be avoided. If you are unsure of how to behave, watch the local people and copy them---if they don’t behave in a certain way, you probably shouldn’t either.
Finally, if you are traveling on business, or plan to stay with a host to family, and you wish to take a gift, do some research.   【小题5】    . One of the easiest ways to offend somebody is to give the wrong gift.
Wherever you go in the world, always be tolerant of the local customs. Avoid being critical; try instead to show respect for the values of the country you are in, even if you do not necessarily agree with them

Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并发症) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(电极). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牵引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients.
【小题1】In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?

第三部分：阅读理解
A
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life of death. The time chosen for the call communications its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example, if people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the A.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
41. If one makes a telephone call at dawn, this would mean ____.
A. the matter is of value            B. the matter is somewhat important
C. the matter requires attention      D. it is a matter of life or death
42. According to the passage, time plays an important role in ____.
A. everyday life      B. school life   C. communications   D. private life
43. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree that ____.
A. it is not appropriate to send your invitation cards only three or four days before a dinner party date in U. S. A.
B. it is impolite to be prompt
C. it is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less
D. if one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology
44. The best title for this passage is “ ____”.
A. Time and tide wait for no man             B. The importance of time     
C. The importance of an announcement        D. The voices of time

If you have no friends around you, it’s time that you should know about your neighborhood. Not all of your neighbors out there are friendly, but at least you need to communicate with them. It is common that when you are new to the neighborhood, your neighbors might actually greet you in an inspiring way.
In other words, they are pleased to welcome you in their neighbor-hood. Both you and your neighbors may start in getting known to each other by introducing yourselves. This is a sign that you and your neighbors are actually friends. Instead of watching television and playing computer games all the time, you also need to take a break and have some fun talking with your neighbors. But if you want to make friends with them, you need to do something that might please them. The only problem for this situation is that you are afraid to approach and greet them in a nice way.
This is a challenge that you or your fellow neighbors must be aware of. You need to get as many friends as possible in your neighborhood, and one of them is to get closer with the unfriendly. If you want to get closer with him but he refuses to be friends with you, don’t force him anymore. Treat him with some respect if you don’t like to create any more problems. However, if he agrees to be your friend, you are lucky and start treating him like a friend. It is very tough to approach a person in your neighborhood, but it is a good challenge. This is how important for you to get closer with your neighbors, even if they’re unfriendly. This is better than sticking yourself alone at home and not having time for social interactions (交往) with real people.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about ______.

    AThe three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonial institution. It began in New England with the establishment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum(课程) consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.?
The academy began in the early 1750’s with Benjamin Franklin’s school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued to be a principal means of secondary education even after 1900.The academy was open to girls as well as to boys, and it provided a wider curriculum than what the Latin grammar school had furnished. It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for practical life in commercial and business activities. Although its wide educational values are evident and are recognized as important contributions to secondary education in this country, the academy has never been considered a public institution as the public high school has come to be.?
The public high school had its origin in Massachusetts in 1821 when the English Classical School was established in Boston. In 1827,the state enacted(制定)the first state wide public high　school law in the United States. By 1840,there were perhaps a dozen public high schools in Massachusetts and many in other eastern states by 1850,they could also be found in many other states. Just as the curriculum of the academy grew out of that of the Latin grammar school, the curriculum of the public high school developed out of that of the academy. The public high school in the United States is a repudiation(推翻) of the aristocratic(贵族的)and selective principle of the European educational tradition. Since 1890,enrollments( 入学)in secondary schools, mainly public high schools, have practically doubled in this country every ten years.
56．According to the passage, which of the following sequences indicates the order in which the schools developed?
A．Latin grammar school, public high school, academy.
B．Latin grammar school, academy, public high school.
C．Public high school, Latin grammar school, academy.
D．Public high school, academy, Latin grammar school.
57．It is the opinion of the author that the academy, compared with the public high school, was ____.
A．obviously academically better
B．more discriminatory in student selection
C．coeducational
D．not generally considered as a public institution
58．One can probably infer from his article that “Latin grammar school” refers to ____.
A．the Boston Free Latin School
B．all the elementary schools in the United States
C．schools which taught Latin, exclusive of all other subjects
D．a number of schools which developed in New England
59．It is implied but not stated in the passage that ____.
A．European educational systems are not good
B．As high schools developed in the united states, the decision was made to make them responsible to people from all classes of society.
C．There was an aristocratic and selective principle in the European educational tradition
D．public high schools in the United States embraced the European educational tradition