【甲】人恒过然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
注释：①诵：背诵。②方：正在。③辍然：突然中止的样子。辍，停止，废止。④喧：遗忘。⑤引：拿来。
【小题1】解释下列加点的词语。
①人恒过然后能改 恒过____________________________
②其母引刀裂其织 裂____________________________
【小题2】翻译下列句子。
①生于忧患，死于安乐
②自是之后，孟子不复喧矣。
【小题3】【甲】【乙】两文在表达方面有什么不同？
【小题4】你认为【乙】文中孟母教子的方法有什么独特的地方？这个故事说明了什么道理？

阅读《藤野先生》选段，回答下列问题：（14分）
过了一星期，大约是星期六，他使助手来叫我了。到得研究室，见他坐在人骨和许多单独的头骨中间，——他其时正在研究着头骨，后来有一篇论文在本校的杂志上发表出来。
“我的讲义，你能抄下来么？”他问。
“可以抄一点。”
“拿来我看。”
我交出所抄的讲义去，他收下了，第二三天便还我，并且说，此后每星期要送他看一回。我拿下来打开看时，很吃一惊，同时感到一种不安和感激。原来我的讲义已经从头到末，都用红笔添改过了，不但增加了许多脱漏的地方，连文法的错误，也都一一订正。这样一直继续到教完了他所担任的功课；骨学，血管学，神经学。
可惜我那时太不用功，有时也很任性。还记得有一回藤野先生将我叫到他的研究室里去，翻出我那讲义上的一个图来，是下臂的血管，指着，向我和蔼的说道：
“你看，你将这条血管移了一点位置了。——自然，这样一移，的确比较的好看些，然而解剖图不是美术，实物是那么样的，我们没法改换它。现在我给你改好了，以后你要全照着黑板上那样的画。”
但是我不服气，口头答应着，心里却想道：“图还是我画的不错；至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。”
学年实验完毕之后，我便到东京玩了一夏天，秋初再回学校，成绩早已发表了，同学100余人之中，我在中间，不过是没有落第。这回藤野先生所担任的功课，是解剖实习和局部解剖学。
解剖实习了大概一星期，他又叫我去了，很高兴地，仍用了极有抑扬的声调对我说道:“我因为听说中国人是很敬重鬼的，所以很担心，怕你不肯解剖尸体。现在总算放心了，没有这回事。”
但他也偶有使我很为难的时候。他听说中国的女人是裹脚的，但不知道详细，所以要问我怎么裹法，足骨变成怎样的畸形，还叹息道，“总要看一看才知道。究竟是怎么一回事？”
【小题1】用简洁的语言概括本文段“我”和藤野先生相处的四件事。（4分）
【小题2】“我拿下来打开看时，很吃一惊，同时感到一种不安和感激”，“我”因何“吃了一惊？“我”又因何“感到一种不安” ？（4分）
【小题3】本文段主要采用哪两种描写方法来表现出藤野先生的形象？(2分)
【小题4】文中说：“他的性格，在我的眼里和心里是伟大的，虽然他的姓名并不为许多人所知道。”作者为什么说藤野先生“伟大”？请结合课文谈谈你的看法。（4分）

A king had a wonderful talent for growing flowers. He became old and didn’t want to deal with big things anymore. So he began to look for someone to take his place. But who could he trust for the job? He thought for a while and got an idea. He would let the flowers decide. He gave everyone a little seed (种子). The one who could grow the most beautiful flower from the seed would be the next leader.

    A girl called Serena was very beautiful and wanted to grow the most beautiful flower. She planted it in a nice pot and took great care of it, but nothing would grow.

    The next year she saw everyone come to the palace with pots full of beautiful flowers. She was disappointed but also went to the meeting with her empty pot. The king looked through all the flowerpots and then stopped at hers.

    “Why is your pot empty?” he asked.

    “Your Majesty (陛下), I did everything to make it grow, but I have failed,” she answered.

    “No, you didn’t,” he said.

“You see, the seeds I’ve given out were all roasted (烤过的), so nothing could come out of them. I have no idea where all these flowers come from. But you have been honest and by being so, you will become my successor (继承人).”

1.The king wanted to choose a person to _____.

A. be the next leader             B. grow beautiful flowers for him

C. be his daughter or son          D. make friends with him

2. How did the little seed show who was the right person?

A. It had some special power.

B. The king knew nothing could grow from it.

C. A special flower could grow from it.

D. Only a good person could grow beautiful flowers from it.

3.The king knew that those with pots of beautiful flowers _____.

A. worked hard          B. cheated him

C. were kind to plants     D. were good at growing flowers

4.In this passage the underlined word “given out” means ______.

A. 收到        B. 拿来         C. 分发       D. 奖励

5.From the story, we learn that _____ is a good quality.

A. Kindness     B. carefulness     C. honesty     D. politeness

 

那盛开的油菜花（14分）
①南方冬日里的太阳也总是暖烘烘的，不似北方，一进入冬天，就是天寒地冻，冰雪覆盖。因了这冬日阳光的眷顾，田野里的庄稼长势特别好，蓝天白云下，油菜已经可以长到1米来高了，正是油菜快要开花的季节。油菜田总是一大片一大片的连在一起，放眼望去，简直是油菜花的海洋，绿色的世界，油菜花怒放着，那淡黄色的花海会让你的眼球不由自主的随它转动，让你感受到生命力的旺盛，让你也神采飞扬起来。
②走过田间的小道，油菜花开得灿烂多姿，在微风中摇弋、轻摆，仿佛少女的轻歌曼舞，楚楚动人。冬日的田野里此刻是如此的美丽：暖暖的阳光，金黄的色彩，到处飘荡着令人陶醉的香气，油菜花的香味沁入心脾，让你吟起这样的诗句：儿童急走追黄蝶，飞入菜花无处寻。不远处传来“叽啾叽啾”的鸣叫声，哦，那一定有一只漂亮的菜籽雀儿在菜地里歇息呢！鸟语花香，好一派迷人的景象！
③在这金黄铺就的田野里，充满了父母的希望。父母当了一辈子的农民，这美丽的田野，洒下了父母多少汗水啊!记得土地刚下户的时候，父母不过四十来岁，是盘田种地的好手，家里三亩来土地，完全靠父母用锄头一锄一锄地挖，别人家还没有动手，我家的田块早就挖完了，精耕细作，一年的收成相当不错，新粮压着旧粮。
④上世纪八十年代末，村里的很多人开始出外打工，父母仍然固守着土地，日出而作，日落而息，面朝黄土背朝天，披星戴月，春种秋收。一年又一年，秋风吹白了父母的两鬓，岁月的印记刻在了他们的脸上，仿佛还是不久，父母就已经到了古稀之年。他们依然眷恋着脚下的土地，秋收一过，就在稻田里裁出一条沟，把沟里的泥块起出来放倒墒（shāng）子上，扒平敲细后打塘，趁着秋后的雨水种上菜籽。菜籽在盖了草粪的塘里面打个滚，一个星期后，绿茸茸的油菜秧苗就冒了出来，在阳光下东瞅瞅，西瞧瞧。这时节是父母最忙的时候，像照顾婴儿一样，在油菜长有一拃高的时候，间去多余的油菜。一个塘里只留下三棵纤细的幼苗，一亩油菜田得花去一个星期的时光才能间完，父母年纪大了，在田里劳作的时间一长，难免腰酸背痛。他们就拿来小凳子，坐在凳子上间油菜，身子弯成弓形，戴着草帽，用手在一塘一塘地忙碌着。太阳暖暖地照在身上，风儿睁大了眼睛，使劲地想掀开帽檐，看看父母额上的汗珠。汗滴下土，才能换来金黄的菜油。一粥一饭当思来之不易,半丝半缕恒念物力维艰。间完多余的油菜，再给它们浇上化肥水，有虫时打打药水，一个轮回才算基本结束。这时经霜冷的油菜长势越来越好，越长越高。每逢吃过早饭，父亲喜欢背着手到油菜田里看看，看着被霜冻得弯下了头的油菜，父亲总是一脸的阳光灿烂，霜越大，油菜的长势越好，“瑞雪兆丰年”，我们这里冬天不下雪，下霜已经是最冷的时节了，可以说“霜白兆丰年”。
⑤立春前，各种花儿次第开放时，油菜花早就按捺不住，开满了枝头，整个田野成了绿色的海洋，金黄的油菜花的世界。豆腐块似地油菜田里蜜蜂们嘤嘤嗡嗡地穿梭往来忙个不停，你在这枝油菜花上踩一脚，我在那枝油菜花上踩踩高跷，扇扇翅膀，两只脚上就粘上了黄嘟嘟的花粉，比人还高的油菜在春风中摇曳着，花枝招展地向人们展现自己的魅力。
⑥清明节左右，父母的辛劳和汗水终于有了回报，菜籽田里一片青黄色，菜籽田里的雀儿这时叫得最欢了，“狮子醉酒”，“狮子醉酒”的叫声不绝于耳，久违的鸟叫声传入人的耳畔，让人心旷神怡。熟了的菜籽压弯了树枝，像喝醉了酒的汉子倾斜着身子遮住了田埂，在等待着收获，仿佛看到了像油菜花一样金黄的菜油从榨油机里汩汩流出。油菜吸收的是父母的汗水，奉献的是金黄的菜油，天下的哪个父母不是如此呢，为儿女奉献了自己的一生，把自己最美好的青春年华奉献给自己的儿女，为了儿女极尽操劳，和油菜是何等的相似。
⑦走在这乡间的小路上，阵阵清风拂面而来，让人心旷神怡，看到这绿色的田野，心情和这绿色一起荡漾！我的耳边响起那悠扬的旋律：青山一排排呀，油菜花遍地开，骑着那牛儿慢慢走，夕阳头上戴，天上的云儿白呀，水里的鱼儿乖，牧笛吹到山那边，谁在把手拍，这里是我的家，这里有我的爱。
（选自《新华副刊》，有删改）
【小题1】文章按照时间顺序，描写了油菜花播种、生长、盛开、结籽的过程。结合文章内容，完成下表。（3分）

时间	油菜花成长过程
秋收一过	种上菜籽     菜苗冒出
一拃高时	A
立春前	B
清明左右	C

【小题2】文章开头两段描写油菜花灿烂多姿的场景有什么好处？（2分）
【小题3】自选角度赏析下面两个句子。（4分）
A．菜籽在盖了草粪的塘里面打个滚，一个星期后，绿茸茸的油菜秧苗就冒了出来，在阳光下东瞅瞅，西瞧瞧。
B．他们就拿来小凳子，坐在凳子上间油菜，身子弯成弓形，戴着草帽，用手在一塘一塘地忙碌着。
【小题4】文题是“那盛开的油菜花”，行文中主要部分却写父母田间劳动的过程，作者这样构思的用意何在？（3分）
【小题5】文中的油菜花给了你哪些人生感悟？（2分）

A king had a wonderful talent for growing flowers. He became old and didn’t want to deal with big things anymore. So he began to look for someone to take his place. But who could he trust for the job? He thought for a while and got an idea. He would let the flowers decide. He gave everyone a little seed (种子). The one who could grow the ?most beautiful flower from the seed would be the next leader.
A girl called Serena was very beautiful and wanted to grow the most beautiful flower. She planted it in a nice pot and took great care of it, but nothing would grow.
The next year she saw everyone come to the palace with pots full of beautiful flowers. She was disappointed but also went to the meeting with her empty pot. The king looked through all the flowerpots and then stopped at hers.
“Why is your pot empty?” he asked.
“Your Majesty (陛下), I did everything to make it grow, but I have failed,” she answered.
“No, you didn’t,” he said.
“You see, the seeds I’ve given out were all roasted (烤过的), so nothing could come out of them. I have no idea where all these flowers come from.? But you have been honest and by being so, you will become my successor (继承人).”
【小题1】The king wanted to choose a person to _____.

A．be the next leader	B．grow beautiful flowers for him
C．be his daughter or son	D．make friends with him

【小题2】 How did the little seed show who was the right person?

A．It had some special power.

B．The king knew nothing could grow from it.

C．A special flower could grow from it.

D．Only a good person could grow beautiful flowers from it.

【小题3】The king knew that those with pots of beautiful flowers _____.

A．worked hard	B．cheated him
C．were kind to plants	D．were good at growing flowers

【小题4】In this passage the underlined word “given out” means ______.

A．收到

B．拿来

C．分发

D．奖励

【小题5】From the story, we learn that _____ is a good quality.

A．Kindness

B．carefulness

C．honesty

D．politeness