阅读理解

　　Play is the basic business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．From earliest infancy(婴儿), every child needs opportunity and right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys．The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and play．To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back again and again．Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development．

　　In recent years, research on baby development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited(遗传的)abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life．So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated．A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully．

　　In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds．Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability：Bricks and jigsaws(七巧板)and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦)and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play－the first social games for learning to play and get on with others．

　　But at the third stage of play development－from five to seven or eight years old－the child is at school．But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school．It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys．

　　Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered, then books become the main source of learning．Toys are still interesting and valuable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun．

阅读理解

　　Monday was China's traditional“Tomb-Sweeping Day”, when people mourn(哀悼)their dead．But it also became a day for national celebration, when rescuers saved 115 workers who were trapped for more than a week in the flooded Wangjialing Coal Mine in Shanxi province．

　　“It's a miracle(奇迹),”Liu Dezheng told reporters on Monday morning after the first nine miners(矿工)were taken out shortly after midnight．“We believe more miracles will happen．”

　　At about noon, rescuers carried out the second group of 106 survivors(幸存者)．The survivor clapped his hands and tried to reach for his rescuers in an expression of joy．Both Shanxi Governor Wang Jun and State Administration of Work Safety Director Luo Lin called the rescue“a miracle”in the history of China's coal mine rescues．

　　The trapped miners survived underground with the encouragement of thinking of their families．They live through eight days and eight nights by getting sawdust(锯末), tree bark(树皮)and turbid(混浊的)water for food．

　　One survivor said that he had to hang from tunnel walls by his belt(腰带)to survive when the disaster came．After being in the water for three days, he climbed into two passing mine carts(矿车)with eight other men and floated to a dry place．

　　A rescue team on an inflatable boat(橡皮艇)threw lifelines(救生索)to the trapped men after realizing that the boat could not move any further．Once the survivors found themselves in the boat, Wang said he was asked whether he would take them out．“I promised them that they would be lifted out as long as I could get out,”Wang said．

　　After being rescued, one of the survivors told doctors he wanted to call his family．“I have two daughters and a son．I have to work in the mine to earn money for them,”said another 45-year-old survivor who was taken to the Shanxi Aluminium Plant Hospital, which admitted(接纳)35 survivors from the mine．The hospital is among five local ones treating the workers．

　　“It's great to be up on the surface again,”said one 27-year-old survivor．