Have you ever heard an echo of your voice?
An echo is a reflected(反射)sound. Stand in a very large, empty hall with nothing on the walls. Then shout. The sounds you make will hit the walls and come back to you. The walls reflect the sounds. These reflected sounds are called “echoes”.
We can use reflected sound to make sound travel farther. Hold a watch about fifty centimeters from your ear. You cannot hear it. The sound of the watch travels a short way in all directions. It does not travel as far as your ear. You can make it travel to your ear by using a roll of cardboard(纸板筒).
Make the roll of cardboard about fifty centimeters long. Put one end over your ear and hold the watch at the other. Now you can hear the watch because the sound has not gone in all directions. It is reflected down the roll to your ear.
A megaphone(喇叭筒)works in the same way. It makes sound travel farther. It reflects the sound into a beam which can travel a long way. In the ship, the sailor uses the megaphone to make his voice travel. Without the megaphone, his voice cannot travel far.
We use reflected sound in many ways. We use it to measure the depth of the sea, for example. Among the animals, bats and whales use reflected sound to tell them where they are and what things are near them.
【小题1】What is called “echo”?

A．Very loud voices.

B．Very loud voices that are made by man.

C．Very loud voices that are made by animals.

D．The sound that is made by man or animals comes back from some place.

【小题2】We can hear our echoes if we     .

A．shout in a small room

B．shout in a large house full of things

C．shout in narrow valleys(山谷)

D．shout in the open air

【小题3】Which is the right order of hearing our echo in a very large, empty hall?
a. We hear the reflected sound
b. The sound returns to us
c. The sound hits the walls
d. We make a sound

A．c, b, a, d

B．c, a, b, d

C．d, c, b, a

D．d, b, c, a

【小题4】From the text we learn that __________ .

A．reflected sound is useful only to blind people

B．people haven’t made use of reflected sound yet

C．bats use reflected sound to fly and get food

D．whales don’t use reflected sound as they live in the sea

【小题5】If you haven’t got a megaphone, ____ will help you to make your voice travel farther.

A．a long piece of wood	B．a roll of cardboard
C．a thin thread	D．a long piece of silk

What __________ things do you want to buy?

A. else                  B. other            C. others               D. another

 

What to Bring When Visiting Lijiang of Yunnan
Welcome to Lijiang. Lijiang is a nice place to visit. If you visit Lijiang, you’d better do as the following.

Needs	Reasons
1. Hat and sunglasses	The Lijiang’s sun can be quite shiny even during winter, so remember to bring a hat and sunglasses.
2. Raincoat or umbrella	It’s hard for us to know Lijiang’s weather, so it is necessary to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang, even if it is sunny.
3. Water	A day in Lijiang you may be very thirsty, so make sure that you bring a bottle of water with you.
4. Camera	There will be lots of chances to take photos on your visit to Lijiang, so make sure to bring your camera. Don’t forget to bring more batteries so that you won’t miss anything!
5. Watch	There are many sights and gift shops in Lijiang. Bring a watch, so you can arrange (安排) your time.

 
【小题1】According to the passage, what things do you not have to bring when you visit Lijiang?

A．A bottle of water.

B．A watch.

C．Batteries.

D．An mp4.

【小题2】What’s the weather like in Lijiang?

A．It’s warm.

B．It’s hot.

C．It changes a lot.

D．It’s rainy.

【小题3】Why do you need to bring a watch when you visit Lijiang?

A．Because you must go back home on time.

B．Because you can use your time better.

C．Because you will look cool with a watch.

D．Because you will feel free.

【小题4】Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．You don’t have to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang when it is sunny.

B．You should bring more batteries so that you can take more interesting pictures.

C．You often wear sunglasses and a hat in Lijiang because the sun is too bright.

D．You should bring a bottle of water so that you won’t be thirsty.

【小题5】 What kind of passage is it?

A．A story.

B．An ad.

C．A diary.

D．A letter.

For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.
【小题1】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor (因素) that can affect one’s emotions?

A．Weather.	B．Actions of others.
C．Personality.	D．Age.

【小题2】Which of the following is true about vitamin D according to the passage?

A．It is a kind of artificial chemical.

B．It makes us worried by affecting our brains.

C．It is needed by us all to keep fit.

D．It is in the sunlight.

【小题3】 What can we infer (推断) from the passage?

A．We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.

B．We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.

C．All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.

D．The more vitamin D you have, the happier you’ll be.

【小题4】What may be the best title for this passage?

A．Why Do We Feel Sad?

B．The Weather Influences People’s Emotions

C．People Need More Vitamin D

D．We Can Hardly Change the Weather

Food or friends? Lip salve (润唇膏) or iPod? What is the most important thing in the US teenagers’ lives today? Let’s take a look.

Some find that they can’t do without people.

“My biggest need is my friends. Without them, I wouldn’t do much,” said Adrian Fernandez, a 14-year-old boy.

With others, food always comes first.

“I do not think that I could live without chili con carne (辣子肉丁). I eat it every day. And if I didn’t have it, it’s all I would think about,” said Max Wu, an 8th-grade boy.

Sometimes, the things teenagers can’t do without are strange.

Take 14-year-old girl Hannah Sacchini for example. “I cannot live without lip salve, especially in winter,” said Hannah Sacchini. “I go mad if my lips get dry.”

Of course, today everybody uses mobile phones and computers. Some teens can’t live without these high-tech (高科技的) things.

Justin Beck, a 15-year-old boy, feels like this: “I would not be able to live without my iPod. I use it for so many different things. I always have it with me,” he said.

So, now we know the things US kids really must have. What about you and your classmates? What can’t you live without?

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 （10分）

1.To Adrian Fernandez, 　　　 is the most important.

A．a friend           B．lip salve           C．a computer        D．chili con carne

2.How often does Max Wu eat chili con carne?

A．Once a week.                          B．Every day.

C．Twice a day.                            D．Three times a week.

3.Hannah Sacchini will become 　　　 if her lips get dry.

A．fat               B．excited           C．shy              D．annoyed

4.We can learn that Justin Beck 　　　 takes his iPod to school.

A．never            B．sometimes         C．always            D．hardly ever

5.The passage mainly tells us 　　　.

A．what things the US kids really must have

B．what the US teenagers do every day at school

C．what the most important food in the US teenagers’ lives is

D．how the US teenagers’ lives are every day at school