练习册

  • 练习册
  • 试题
    • 1.直接引语是指原封不动的引用原话.把它放在引号内.例如: • Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends. • They said, “We want to have a rest. • 间接引语(Reported Speech.又叫Indirect Speech)即用自己的话加以转述.被转述的话不放在引号内.上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是: • Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. • They said they wanted to have a rest. • 2. 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时.由于引述动词一般都是过去时形式.因此间接引语中的动词时态.人称代词.限定词.时间状语.地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化.有下面几种情况: • 1) 现在时间推移到过去时间 • 所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时.现在进行时变成过去进行时.现在完成时变成过去完成时.例如: • She said, “I am hungry. • -> She said she was hungry. • He said, “The family are fighting among themselves. • -> He said the family were fighting among themselves. • Tom said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer. • -> Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer. • 在下列场合.尽管陈述动词为过去时形式.间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变.即: • a) 当引述的是客观事实.科学真理.现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时: • He said, “The word `laser’ is an acronym. • -> He said the word `laser’ is an acronym. • b) 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时: • “I’m forty, he said. • -> He said he is forty. • c) 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时: • He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go. • -> He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go. • He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room. • -> He said I mustn’t smoke in the room. • 2) 过去时间推移到过去的过去 • 这里需要注意以下几点: • a) 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时.一般过去时要变成过去完成体.例如: • He said, “I didn’t know you. • -> He said he hadn’t known me. • 当“过去的过去 已经不言自明.或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现.或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时.一般过去时形式可以不变.例如: • Ann said, “She was born in 1981. • -> Ann said she was born in 1981. • b) 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时.也可以不变.例如: • Robert said, “I was joking with Mary. • -> Robert said he had been joking with Mary. • Robert said he was joking with Mary. • c) 过去完成时仍为过去完成时.不需改变.例如: • He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came. • -> He said they hadn’t returned to the store when she came. • d) 时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变.例如: • John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane. • -> John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane. • John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane. • 3) 将来时间推移到过去将来时间 • 最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式.例如: • He said, “We’re spending next weekend at home. • -> He said they were spending the next weekend at home. • She said, “The milk will go offif you don’t drink it today. • -> She said the milk would go off if I didn’t drink it that day. • They said, “We’re going to Hawaii this summer vacation. • -> They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation. • 但是.在引述时.如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间.那么.可以不推移到过去将来时间.例如: • He said, “I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow. • -> He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow. • 4) 人称代词.限定词.时间状语.地点状语的变化 • 由上面的例子可以看出.当直接引语变成间接引语时.除动词时态变化外.人称代词.限定词.时间状语.地点状语等通常也作相应的变化. • a) 人称代词.除引述本人原话外.通常第一.二人称变为第三人称.或者第二人称变为第一人称,限定词也作相应的变化.例如: • He said, “We love our country. • -> He said they love their county. • b) 指示代词this.these分别变成that/it.those/they或them,指示限定词this.those通常变为that.those或the.例如: • “This house is very expensive, she said. • -> She said that house was very expensive. • The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement. • -> The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement. • c) 时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况: • i) 时间状语和动词时态两者都变.例如: • He said, “It was completes a year ago. • -> He said it had been completed a year before. • ii) 时间状语不变.动词时态可变可不变.例如: • She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m. • -> She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m. • She said they left Paris at 8 a.m. • iii) 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定.如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年.同一月.同一天等).时间状语可不变.例如: • Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month. • -> Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. • -> Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. (可在同一月引述.也可不在同一月引述) • 直接引语 间接引语 • today that day • this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc. • yesterday the day before, the previous day • (the) day before yesterday two days before • tomorrow the next day, the following day • (the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days’ time • next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc. • last week/month the week/month before • now then • d) 地点状语here通常变为there,但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地.可仍用here.也可用具体地点代替here.例如: • She said, “I first met your brother here. • -> She said she first met my brother there. • “Are the children here? Father asked. • -> Father asked whether the children were here. • 本单元重点:直接引语和间接引语.需要注意的是:直接引语变间接引语时.人称和时态要发生变化.时态得和主句的时态保持一致. • Sentences from the passage • I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers. • 我问她为什么要那么做.她说她忘记做作业了. • forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 • forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 • e.g. When you leave the classroom, don’t forget to turn off the lights. • 离开教室时.别忘记关灯. • I forgot meeting him before. 我不记得以前见过他了. • 类似的还有: • remember to do sth. 记得做某事 • remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 • e.g. • “Remember to finish your homework on time, Li Ming , his mother said. • 李明妈妈说.“记得按时完成作业. • I remember telling this story for several times. • 我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了. • ◆I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework. • 我说.抄我的作业并不是什么好事. • 注意的think 用法:如果think 引导的宾语从句.其从句表示否定意思时.不是否定从句.而是否定主句. • e.g. 翻译下列句子: • 我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟. • I don’t think it is the right time for you to tell your father about that. • 我认为他不是一个好演员. I don’t think he is a good actor. • 我认为你说的并不正确. I don’t think you are right. • ◆Yesterday she told me she was sorry she’d gotten mad. • 昨天她告诉我.她为自己当时生气而抱歉. • ◆Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom. • 如今.许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字. • prefer的用法: prefer v. 更喜欢,宁愿 • prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢-胜过- • prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢-而不喜欢- • prefer to do rather than do 宁愿-而不愿- • e.g. • Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶? • He prefers talking to doing. 他喜欢说.却不喜欢做. • They prefer to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈. • ◆And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals. • 而且对年轻人来说.有了英文名字.和笔友交谈时也很酷. • having an English name - 中having 是动词ing形式, 用来做主语. • e.g. • Getting up early every day is his good habit. 每天早起是他的习惯. • Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的运动. • ◆Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for China’s contact with the world. • 学习英语.而且有英文名字在中国很流行.这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要. • contact的用法: • contact n. • e.g. be in contact with 和...接触. 有联系 • They have been in contact with each other for five years. • 他们互相保持联系已经有五年了. • She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系. • contact v. • e.g. She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了. • ◆On the other hand, some people who come to China choose Chinese names • 另一方面.一些人来到中国.也起了中文名字. • on the one hand 一方面- • on the other hand 另一方面- • e.g. • On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry. • 一方面.他是个聪明的孩子,可另一方面.他老惹母亲生气. 【查看更多】

     

    题目列表(包括答案和解析)

    An astronaut’s work may sound exciting, but living in space isn’t as fun as you think. The website www.space.com lists the disadvantages of living in space. Here are some of them.

    When astronauts work outside the station during spacewalks, they have to wear special gloves. The gloves are very tight. They can hurt the astronauts’ fingernails(手指甲) and even make them fall off.

    In space, you don’t have many choices in what you eat. It’s hard to get fresh fruits and vegetables. It is not OK to eat bread because it leaves crumbs(碎屑). Crumbs could fly around everywhere.

    In space, it is impossible to have a good shower because water can fly all over the ship and break the machines. Astronauts have to use a special water-shooting(喷水) gun and a washcloth.

    Astronauts lose their bone strength quickly during their stay in space. So far, there is no way to solve this problem. They do exercise while they’re in space to try to keep their bones strong as long as possible.

    Perhaps the hardest part of life in space is the feeling of loneliness. Astronauts sometimes have to spend weeks and even months away from Earth. They miss their friends and families.

    1.People often think the life in space is       .

    A. terrible                   　　B. lonely             　　　C. hard            　　　　D. fun

    2.What may hurt astronauts fingernails while working in space?

    A. Washcloth.                                     B. The special gloves.               

    C. The water-shooting gun.                    D. Crumbs.

    3.. How do the astronauts have a good shower in space?

    A. By eating bread.                                                

    B. By breaking the machines.             

    C. By using a special water-shooting gun and a washcloth.   

    D. By wearing gloves.

    4. How do the astronauts keep their bones strong in space?

    A. By taking medicine.                            B. By doing exercise.              

    C. By taking a good rest.                    D. By walking in space.

    5. What’s the hardest part of life for astronauts in space?

    A. They feel very lonely.              B. They have to stay alone in space.      

    C. They have no friends.                   D. They have no families.

     

    查看答案和解析>>

     先阅读短文，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使全文在逻辑上正确。（提示：选项中有一个是多余的。）

        go　back　/　mad　/　need　/　mind　/　hurry　up　/　polite

        We　asked　some　people　what　annoyed　them.　Here’s　what　they　said:

        I　don’t　like　waiting　in　line　when　a　shop　assistant　has　a　long　telephone　conversation.　When　that　happens,　I　usualy　say,　“Would　you　1.　helping　me?”And　I　don’t　like　it　when　shop　assistants　folow　me　around.　Then　I　say,　“Could　you　please　no　folow　me　around?　I’l　ask　you　if　I　2.　some　help.”Usualy　the　shop　assistants　say　they　are　sorry,　but　sometimes　they　get　3..　If　that　happens,　I　won’t　4.　to　that　store　again.

        I　get　annoyed　when　someone　talks　to　me　while　I’m　reading.　This　happens　to　me　al　the　time　in　the　school　library.　When　it　happens,　I　usualy　talk　to　the　　person　because　I　want　to　be　5..　But　because　I’m　polite,　people　don’t　know　I’m　annoyed.　So　they　do　the　same　thing　again.　Perhaps　in　the　future　I　should　try　not　to　be　so　annoyed.

     

    查看答案和解析>>

    根据汉语提示完成句子

    我有许多时间去周游世界。

    I have ________　________ time to ________　________ the world．

    查看答案和解析>>

    Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten o'clock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma lives downstairs. She is happy with him.

    One day, on his way home, he met Mary. They were both happy. He asked the girl to his house, she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future . They talked for a long time.

    "Have a look at your watch, please," said the girl. "What time is it now?"

    "Sorry, something is wrong with my watch," said Jack. "Where's yours?"

    "I left it at home."

    Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the floor, "Bang! Bang! Bang!"

    The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstairs, "It's twelve o'clock in the night, Jack. Why are you still jumping upstairs?"

    1.Jack was ________ when he finished middle school.

    A. sixteen　 B. eighteen　 C. twenty　 D. fifteen

    2.The old woman is happy with Jack because ________.

    A. he's her grandson　　  B. he's clever

    C. he can keep quiet　　  D. he gets home on time

    3.The word "stamp" in the story means ______ in Chinese.

    A. 盖印　　   B. 跺　　 C. 贴邮票　 　  D. 承认

    4.Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order (为了) ________.

    A. to wake his grandma up

    B. to make his grandma angry

    C. that his grandma was going to tell him the time

    D. that his grandma was going to buy him a watch

     

    查看答案和解析>>

     We often _______ English in the morning. 

    A. speaks 　　 B. say　　      C. read          D. talk

     

    查看答案和解析>>


    同步练习册答案