Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 are existing. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology.
Here is another example. In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests. In 1850, about a third was covered by forests. Today the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. Today too many trees are still being cut down.
We’re changing the earth, the air and water. We can’t live without these things. If we go on like this, we shall destroy ourselves. A lot of people know that conservation is necessary. Many things have been done to save our world. For example, people plant more and more trees on the hills. In a small town in the USA a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record by the name of NO ONE’S GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD. It was made by Scales, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild plants and animals. In China, a new Great Wall has been built across the northern part of the country to stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.

1. 1.

   What year was 1970?
   ______________________________________________________________

2. 2.

   What did the United Nations hope ?
   ______________________________________________________________

3. 3.

   How much land in the USA is covered by forests in 1850?
   ______________________________________________________________

4. 4.

   Can you give us an example that people have done to save our world?
   ______________________________________________________________

5. 5.

   What has a new Great Wall been built for?
   ______________________________________________________________

　　Wall Street is a famous street in New York City. It got its name from the wooden wall that used to stand where the street now runs. The wall was built in the 1600s. New York was then a Dutch city set up by people coming from Holland in Europe: it was called Amsterdam. The American Indians were not always friends of the Dutch; nor were the English. So the Dutch built the wooden wall to protect their town. The wall is gone now. But Wall Street reminds the people of New York of the Dutch who settled（定居）there. 

[　　]

A．crowded street called Dutch

B．famous wooden wall

C．busy river which runs through the wall

D．well-known street called Wall Street

[　　]

[　　]

[　　]

A．the American Indians were always friendly to the Dutch

B．the Englishmen in New York were kind to the Dutch all the time

C．sometimes there was trouble between the Dutch and the other peoples in the city

D．all the foreigners were welcome in New York City

[　　]

A．the capital of Holland

B．one of the biggest cities of America

C．a British general

D．a beautiful European country

People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on the earth，and celebrate them in many different ways．

In China and in Japan，for example，the arrival of the New Year is more（A）________ than a person's birthday．So everyone adds a year to their ages on New Year's Day，instead of on their birthdays．

In Brazil，the special birthday（B）________ isn't a birthday cake，bet special candies．In China，it's long noodles（C）为了长寿．In Iceland，people have pancakes with candies rolled inside on birthdays．

In Britain，a birthday is an all-day celebration．At school，the birthday child is lifted up by his classmates．In Israel，the same custom is followed．（D）but the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair．

In Holland，children not only get presents，but give things out，too．They give cakes，cookies and candies to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays．

In Mexico，it's good luck to give birthday greetings as early on the day as possible．So it's usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by friends singing birthday songs．

In India，birthday celebrations also begin（E）quite early．Prayers and blessings must be said before morning（F）comes．

In Thailand，two tall candles are lighted at night before a birthday．One is as tall as the birthday person．If（G）it goes out early，it's bad luck．Another custom of Thailand is that they buy living fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person flees them，and it brings good luck．

In Nigeria，persons in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together on a certain day．

In many countries，birthday customs are changing．But one thing never changes--birthdays are special days for every birthday person!

1．在文中A和B的空白处填入一个适当的单词：__________；__________

2．将文中划线部分C译成英语：________________________________________

3．将划线部分D改写为：but people __________ and __________ the birthday person while the person is sluing in a chair．

4．写出文中划线词E和F的同义词或近义词：__________；__________

5．划线部分G在文中指代的是：________________________________________