Paper was first about 2,000 years ago, it has been made silk, cotton, bamboo, and wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. And because there weren’t many books, people learned to read. Then printing was invented in China. The first printed books were made by ink on a wooden block and holding the paper against it. When printing was developed greatly the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and . ___ , more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly, a way that can be compared the of the Internet in the 20th century.

1.A. create B. created C. creating D. creates

2.A. in B. of C. from D. by

3.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few

4.A. put B. putting C. puts D. puting

5.A. at B. in C. by D. on

6.A. cheap B. cheaply C. cheaper D. cheapest

7.A. Because B. so that C. As a result D. because of

8.A. on B. in C. by D. at

9.A. at B. with C. by D. about

10.A. introduction B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing

 Think of all the things you throw away：juice bottles，soda cans，candy covers．It  adds up．How much rubbish do you produce? Americans throw away about 1 ton of rubbish per person every year．That's 2000 pounds of rubbish! Most of the rubbish gets covered in big holes in the round called landfills(垃圾掩埋法)．

    A lot of this rubbish can be recycled，or turned back to something useful．The main things we recycle today are made of metal and paper．

    People recycle for many reasons．One of the main reasons is to protect resources(资源)．Making new cans out of old ones means less aluminum(铝) is needed for new cans．

    This leads to a second reason people recycle：it saves energy．Recycling old aluminum cans take much less energy than making new aluminum．To make new aluminum，you need to mine metal ore(矿石) from the ground，remove it，and refine it，into a finished metal．

    Recycling also protects valuable land．By recycling，we produce less rubbish．That means fewer landfills are needed for dropping our rubbish．Because metals are some what costly to make，they are the world's most recycled materials．About two-thirds of all steel(钢) is recycled．

    Almost all drink cans are made of aluminum．Americans recycle about one-third of their used aluminum cans．Empty cans are sent to special factories．There，they are cleaned，melted，and made into new pieces of aluminum．

    Americans use lots of paper — mostly in the form of newspapers，magazines，and cardboard boxes．In fact，paper takes up more space in landfills than any other material．

    Old paper can be cut and made are into new paper．Americans recycle a little more than one-third of their paper rubbish．New papers are made from trees，each ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees!

76. You can most probably read the passage in _______．

A．a science book   B．a Chinese book   C．a history book    D．a geography book

77. Which material isn’t mentioned in the passage?

A. Paper           B. Metal            C. Wood            D. Water

78. Why do people recycle rubbish?

A．To protect resources because it's hard to make new resources．

B．It can save energy，because the resources are limited(有限)．

C．To protect valuable land，because there is no place to bury rubbish．

D．To protect resources，save energy and protect valuable land．

79. Which of the following is RIGHT?

A．People recycle paper from the trees．   B．Papers take up less space in the landfills．

C．Americans recycle a little more than 1/3 of their paper rubbish．

D．To recycle paper can't protect the environment．

80. The main idea of the passage is _______．

A．To let us know it is a big job to deal with rubbish． B.To explain the reasons for rubbish recycle．

C．To describe how to recycle metal and paper．

D.  To explain how to recycle rubbish and why to do so．

This kind of paper is ________ wood.

1. A.
   make of
2. B.
   made from
3. C.
   made by
4. D.
   made in

The Inventions

    Paper was first made in the year 105. It was made by a Chinese named Cai Lun.

    For over 500 years paper was made only in China. People in Japan learned of paper around the year 600. As years went by, people in other places began to make paper.

    The lead（铅）pencil is not made of lead. It is made of graphite（石墨）. People found graphite in 1564. They thought it was a kind of lead. Today we still call pencils “lead pencils”. The first pencils were made by putting strings（线）around sticks of graphite.

    The first wooden pencils were made by Kasper Faber in Germany in 1761.

Erasers（橡皮）like those we use today were first made in France by a man named Magellan in 1752. It was Hyman L. Lipman who first put eraser on the ends of pencils. And that is how the pencils came to be.

（　）6. How many years earlier was paper made in China than in Japan?

    A. About 100 years.                B. About 400 years.

    C. More than 500 years.             D. 495 years

（　）7. Germans made paper _________.

    A. earlier than Japan                B. later than Japan

    C. as early as Japan                 D. as late as Japan

（　）8. At first pencils were made of ________.

    A. wood                     B. lead          C. sticks                   D. string and graphite

（　）9. Kasper Faber was ________.

    A. an Englishman               B. a Frenchman

    C. a German                      D. an American

（　）10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

    A. Paper was first made in China.

    B. Graphite isn’t a kind of lead.

    C. The first wooden pencils were made in Germany.

    D. Hyman L. Lipman made the first erasers.