The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, England.

      Charles’ father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Charles’ father hoped that his son would also become a doctor.

      As a boy Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things: eggs, stones, and leaves. His father did not like this, as Charles was not studying very well at school.

      ①为了成为一名医生，十六岁时达尔文就被送到爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University) 学习。But he was interested in the history of nature.

      Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.

      Some time later, he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. The research lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants, which he sent home from the places he visited.

      When he returned home, Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.

      In 1842, Darwin went to live in Kent, where he continued his studies of the changes in nature. ②Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change.

      By 1859, Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species. It made a great hit in the world of science. ③He was opposed (反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him.

      Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.

请根据文章内容回答问题。

1.Why didn’t Charles become a doctor?

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2.When did Charles start the research with the Beagle?

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◆根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

3.请将①处划线句子翻译成英语。

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4.请将②处划线句子翻译成汉语。

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5.请改写③处划线句子， 使其意思与原句一致（每空一词）。

The church and even some scientists ____________ ___________ him.

It's a difficult and big job to take away a city's rubbish(61).Every day trucks come into a city to collect it.很多垃圾是由我们不能吃或者不能使用的物品组成的。(62)If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.

In some cities the rubbish is collected and carried outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. It(63) system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.

To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish--filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.

In other cities the rubbish is burnt in especial places. The fire burns everything but the metal, sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth.(64)It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.

阅读短文，根据其内容，完成下列任务。

任务一  把61处改成同义句。

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任务二  把62处汉语译为英语。

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任务三  63处 It 指代的部分是。

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任务四  把64处英语译为汉语。

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任务五  65.What's the idea of the passage?

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