Each year Ben is glad when school is closed on Martin Luther King Jr. Day．Ben knows that this day honors an important man，but Ben does not feel connected to him．However，the small-world theory （理论） connects Ben to Dr. King．Ben's mom （0） has a close friend，Amy（1）．Amy’s uncle，Mark（2），once met and spoke to John Carter（3），the son of President Jimmy Carter（4）．Jimmy Carter knew Dr. King （5）． In a way，Ben is only “five people away” from Martin Luther King Jr．

 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain （链条）of people they know．Another name of this chain is degrees of separation．Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know．There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly．This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom．There is one degree of separation when just one person separates someone from a person he or she does not know．Ben knows his mom，but he hasn't met her close friend Amy．Therefore，Ben is one degree away from Amy．As the chain continues，Amy's uncle，Mark，is two degrees．John Carter is three degrees，and his father is four degrees．Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben．The theory says that there are no more than six degrees of separation between any two people in the world．

The small-world theory has a lot to do with math．The theory assumes（假定）that each person knows 100 people. Each one of those 100 people knows 50 different people．Each of those 50 people knows another 50 people，and so on．When someone continues the calculation to six degrees，it is like this：100 × 50 × 50 × 50 × 50 × 50 = 31.25 × 10⁹．This number is greater than 31 billion（a billion = a thousand million）．There are over 6 billion people in the world．These numbers show it is possible that six degrees of separation could include everyone in the world．

Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it．Maybe the theory just invites people to think a little more about their places in the world. ．

1．Ben is two degrees away from                ．

A．Jimmy Carter          B．John Carter             C．Amy                       D．Mark

2．What is the meaning of "degrees of separation" in Paragraph 2?

A．The chain to connect people．                            B．The relations between people．

C．The steps of knowing strangers．                D．The separation between strangers．

3．What is the small-world theory mainly about?

A．How far Ben is away from Dr. King．          B．How many people one can get to know．

C．How people are connected in the world．     D．How the degrees of separation are set up．

4．We can learn from the article that                  ．

A．the small-world theory works

B．more research is needed to prove the theory

C．six degrees are needed to know the strangers

D．the writer's purpose is to help people find out their places

Mary picked up a pencil and a piece of paper，saying，“Now，you want to earn money for the autumn camping trip，right?” Tom，her brother，nodded．He wasn’t able to go last year because he hadn’t earned enough money during the summer．This year he came up with a plan．

He made a necklace for his mother that everyone admired．They were surprised to learn that Tom had made it for her．Why not make more necklaces and sell them?

“OK，” said Mary，“The first thing you need to do is to figure out（计算）how much you have now．’’

“I have $20.00 in the bank，and $7.25 in my room，” explained Tom．

“That gives you a total of $27.25，” said Mary，“That is called your capital．The next thing you need to know is how much it will cost you to make each necklace．”

“Well，the pet shop wilt give me all the feathers the birds lose．I'll have to buy the beads（小珠子）and string，” said Tom．

Mary wrote on the piece of paper：

CAPITAL       $27.25 EXPENSES      Feathers      no coat String for lo necklaces     $2.50 Beads for lo necklaces    + $15.00 Total                    $17.50

“How much do you think you can sell such a necklace for?” asked Mary．

“Hmm，” Tom looked thoughtful and said，“There's a shop in town that sells almost the same kind of necklace for $ 7.50．If I charge（要价）$ 6.00，people will think that's a bargain．”

“OK．If you sell each necklace for $ 6.00，you'll make a good profit（利润）on each then，” said Mary．

“Hurray!” Tom cried，“If I sell 2.0 necklaces，I'll have enough from the profit for the camping trip and $10.00 left over．”

1．Which word best describes Mary?

A．Confident．        B．Generous．        C．Helpful．           D．Outgoing．

2．The underlined word "bargain" in this story means “________”．

A．something sold cheap                                  B．something sold expensive

C．something made at home                             D．something made by children

3．How much would Tom have to spend on the camping trip?

A．$ 47.45．            B．$ 75．               C．$ 85．                     D．$102.25．

4．How did Tom know how much he would have left over after paying for the camping trip?

A，He took the cost of the trip from the profit he would make on 20 necklaces．

B．He added the cost of the trip to the profit he would make on 20 necklaces．

C．He asked Mary for the answer．

D．He took the cost of each necklace from the amount of money he had to begin with．

5．What's the best title for this story?

A．How to Make Necklaces                              B．How to Sell Necklaces

C．How to Make a Plan                                    D．How to Earn Money for a Trip

 

Question items	New	Middle	01d
1．Make their lessons interesting	42	56	70
2．Explain clearly	33	58	68
3．Have relaxed manner	30	46	65
4．Write neatly on the blackboard	9	43	56
5．Let students ask questions in class	18	30	47
6．Look through students’ notebooks	22	30	43
7．Speak loudly	45	85	54
8．Treat students equally	43	56	42
9．Care about students’ opinions	47	43	17
1 0．Spend time with students between classes	25	lO	6

   The following table shows some results of a survey．Eight hundred Japanese students were asked to give their impressions of their teachers．The students’ impressions were found to be different depending on how long the teachers had taught．There are three kinds of teachers：the new ones(those who had taught for less than three years)，the middle aged ones(ten to twenty years)，and the old ones(twenty to thirty years)．The number in the table shows the percentage (百分率)of the students who answered ” very satisfied(满意)” for each question．

1．Old teachers are loved by students for their ability(能力)to         ．

     A．be fair to all students    B．1isten to what students say

     C．explain texts clearly      D．understand and play with students

2．Students seem to think new and middle—aged teachers are more than the old ones．

    A．relaxed in class            B．interested in students′opinions

    C．kind                        D．clever

3．What kind of teachers are good at making their lessons interesting?

    A．New teachers．              B．Middle-aged teachers．

    C．Old teachers．              D．We don′t know．

4．The word″impressions″means          ．

    A．feeling     B．words     C．hope     D．information

5．According to the table，which of the following is true?

    A．In the new teachers′classes，students seem to ask questions more freely．

    B．Students seem to be quite satisfied with the new teachers′hand-writing．

    C．The middle—aged teachers′ spend most time with students after class．

    D．Though old teachers don′t play games with students during breaks，their teaching is rated(被评价)highly．

A China，Torch（火炬）Passing On The torch for the 29th Olympic Games was lit on March 25,2008．It will arrive in Beijing on August 8 after traveling across 135 cities around the world over 130 days．

B Reading，Happiness and Knowledge On April 23，2008，World Reading Day，billions of people opened their books and read．Books brought them into a world of happiness and knowledge．

C Chang'e Ⅰ Into Space Chang'e Ⅰ，China's first moon satellite，went into space on October 24，2007．It took pictures of the moon and sent them back to the Each．

D Plastic（塑料）Bags Limited（受限制） From June 1，2008，the Chinese are not allowed to use common plastic bags thinner than 0.025mm．Instead，they are encouraged to use cloth bags or environmental plastic bags．

E Movie on Show Do you believe cats are afraid of mice? It is so in Mouse Madness，an American cartoon movie，which was on show in May，2008．

将下面各句与上面五条信息匹配，并将代表信息的字母写在相应的横线上。

1．Ben is interested in movies．He might like reading           ．

2．Zhang Ying will go shopping．She could use cloth bags according to           ．

3．Mike wants to know something about the 29th Olympic Games．He can read           ．

4．Maria can get some information about China's satellites，after reading           ．

5．John's hobby is reading．He will be happy if he reads           ．