A）请先阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将其填到相应位置。（每小题1分，共15分）

New rules and Behavior Standards for middle school students came out in March. A middle school is going to start new rules        who the top students are. The best students will        have high marks, they will also be ones who don’t color their hair, smoke or drink. The following are more of the new rules.

Tell the truth. Have you ever copied        work in an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something        students should do. If you are playing computer games in your room, don’t tell your parents you are doing homework.

Do more activities at school. Good students love animals and        others. April is Bird Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join! That way you can learn more about animals and   46   them. When more people work together, it brings us more       .

Learn to co-operate. When your basketball team is       , only working together can make your team       . Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself.

Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll        Earth Ⅱ someday. Don’t look down upon new ideas. All the ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.

Pay attention to your safety. You should not walk        outside, especially at night.       where the public phones are. If ________ happens, you can find them quickly. If you take a bus to a place far away, please don’t sleep. This stops a stranger from        money from you.

Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies.        not everything on the Internet is fit for kids. You may enter healthy websites for your homework or just for fun.

1.A. to allow         B. to make              C. to divide                      D. to decide

2.A. neither         B. both                C. not only                      D. only

3.A. anyone else       B. someone else’s     C. your partners                D. any other ones

4.A. honest          B. calm                C. brave                        D. hard-working

5.A. call for           B. take care          C. call on           D. care for

6.A. what to feed     B. how to protect    C. how to play with   D. how to get on

7.A. happier          B. happiness          C. happily                      D. happy

8.A. lost              B. winning            C. beating                      D. losing

9.A. stronger              B. less unusual  C. more unfamiliar   D. more specially

10.A. notice         B. find out            C. discover                  D. live

11.A. alone          B. lonely              C. slowly                   D. fast

12.A. Making sure  B. To be sure         C. Make sure              D. Being sure

13.A. unpleasant something                        B. anything pleasant  

          C. dangerous something                             D. anything dangerous

14.A. to carry      B. to steal             C. carrying                  D. stealing

15.A. Therefore    B. But                  C. Since             D. Then

Could you be a genius like Einstein? A genius needs to learn and think. Reading is a good idea, but it is not enough. Einstein’s advice is to use your brain more. Here are some tips:
l Ask. When you look at new things, ask why they are new or different. Ask more questions. Ask yourself and others. Keep thinking until you find the answers.
l Draw. Einstein thought in pictures. Sometimes, it helps to draw problems and ideas.
l Read. Try to read new things. Read books from different parts of the library. After you read, think about the ideas you have learned. Are they different from what you thought?
l Relax. Many ideas come when you are relaxed. Take some time to relax yourself in the ways like taking a walk in a park, going to a concert or a museum.
l Write. Keep a diary. Write down your questions and ideas. Write down new ideas after you read.
l Share. Einstein used to talk to his friends and explain his ideas. Sometimes, a friend can help you find the answer to a problem.
l Be brave. Do not let other people say your ideas are silly. Explain yourself. Let other people explain why they think you are wrong. Then decide.
【小题1】What can we do to relax ourselves according to the passage?

Photography is about taking photographs. In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photograph was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. The photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(设备). But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States.
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and destroyed cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photograph. Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process(冲洗) the film at once. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small hand-held camera made photography less expensive.
Photography is also a form of art. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
Title: The    1  of Photography

Like most teenagers in the world, Joso Montanaro a teen artist in Brazil, likes reading and drawing cartoons. But he is special—his drawings get published(出版).
Montanaro is now drawing cartoons for Folha. Folha is Brazil’s largest newspaper and is known for its cartoons. Montanaro has already been working at Folha for two years. Each week he draws two, there or four cartoons and sends them to the paper. From those editors choose one for the next day’s page.
Montanaro draws about the news of the day. Recently he worked on The Wave—a drawing of the tsunami(海啸) that hit Japan. Montanaro also likes to draw cartoons about the funny things that happen in Brazilian politics(政治).
“I like doing political drawings because you can joke about somebody bigger than you.” Montanaro says.
Folha’s art director ,Mario Kanno, says editors saw something new and different in Montanaro’s work.“We brought him in with this idea to show that, yes, young people also read newspapers and can show their ideas on politics,”Kanno says.
Montanaro’s love for cartoons began when be was only 7 or 8 year old. His dad bought him comics. Montanaro says these books gave him the ideas that got him drawing.“I think those great works have really helped me,”he says.“They remind me that I should draw something in my book every day.”
【小题1】What is Montanaro doing for Folha now?

When you read an article you will understand and remember it better if you can work out how the writer has put the ideas together．Sometimes a writer puts ideas together by asking questions and then answering them．For example，if the article is about groundhogs（土拨鼠），the set of questions in the writer’s head might be：
What does a groundhog look like？
Where do groundhogs live？
What do they eat？…
In the article，the author might answer those questions．
Sometimes an author writes out her questions in the article．These questions give you signals．They tell you what the author is going to write next．Often an author has a question in her head but she doesn’t write it out for you．You have to work out her question for yourself．Here’s a sample reading for you to practice this method.
Earthworms
Do you know how many kinds of earthworms there are？There are about 1800 kinds in the world！ They can be brown，purple，green．They can be as small as 3 cm long and as large as 3 m long．
The best time to see earthworms is at night，especially a cool，damp night．That’s when they come up from their burrows（地洞）to hunt for food．Earthworms don’t like to be in the sun．That’s because they breathe through their skin，and they can’t breathe if their skin gets too dry．Earthworms must come out of the earth if it rains a lot，because they can't breathe in their flooded burrows．What a dangerous life！
Earthworms don't have eyes，so how can they tell when it's dark？ They have special places on their skin that are sensitive to light．These spots tell whether it’s light or dark．If you shine a flashlight on an earthworm at night，it will quickly disappear into the ground．
Earthworms don't have ears either，but they can hear by feeling movements in the earth．If you want to hear like an earthworm，lie on the ground with your fingers in your ears．Then have a friend stamp his or her feet near you．This is how earthworms feel birds and people walking，and moles digging，near them．
Earthworms are useful．Farmers and gardeners like having lots of earthworms in their land because the worms help to make better soil when they dig．That digging keeps the soil loose and airy（通风的）．In one year earthworms can pile up as much as 23,000 kg of castings in an area about the size of a football field．
【小题1】What’s the purpose of reading Earthworms?