There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types have even been reported as attacking human beings.
The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers. Many more people drown（溺死）in the ocean every year than are bitten by sharks. The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. There are three types of shark attacks. The main one is known as a ‘hit and run’. The shark attacks because it thinks you are a fish, but when it tastes a human it decides not to eat you. The second type is called a ‘bump and bite’. The shark bumps you to find out if you are fit to be eaten and then bites you if it thinks you are. The third type is called a ‘sneak’. When attacking in this way, the shark waits for you to swim by and attacks you suddenly. The latter（后者的）two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.
However, your chances of being attacked by a shark can be reduced if you follow the advice below.
Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.
Do not swim if you are cut or if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance.
Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery because sharks are attracted to colours and shiny objects.
Try and stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.
Don’t be frightened（受惊吓）by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightning than being attacked by a shark.
【小题1】Are there only 30 types of sharks in the world?
【小题2】Are the chances of being attacked by a shark small or big compared to other dangers?
【小题3】What are the two deadly shark attacks called?
【小题4】Why should you try and stay in groups to avoid the shark attack?
【小题5】What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage?

Are you the only child in the family? If so, you are the most important in your family. Parents are the closest people to you in the world. But most middle school students have a problem. They feel they're not as close to their parents as before.
Some students complain that their parents often say a lot to them, but never listen to them. Some say their parents ask them not to play computer games when other classmates are doing that. Others say when they’re making phone calls to friends, their parents like to ask if the children are speaking to a boy or a girl. These make them very unhappy. Some students even decide to leave home because they’re afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong. Then they usually think running away is the only choice. But they don’t know running away may bring them some more problems.
Problems are parts of life. Here are some suggestions for you to solve the problems.
·Find a good time to talk with your parents. Don’t be afraid to tell them your feelings.
·Get help from others like good friends or teachers.
·Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.
·Show your parents you’re growing up. Then they’ll feel you’re not a small child.
If you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away.
【小题1】Who are the closest people to you if you are the only child in the family?
________________________
【小题2】Do most students feel they are not as close to their parents as before?
________________________
【小题3】 What do some parents like to do while their children are making phone calls to friends?
_________________________
【小题4】What could you do to understand more about yourselves and your feelings?
_________________________
【小题5】 How many suggestions does the writer give?
_________________________

Have successful people ever felt sad? Do they have any “secrets” to success? The answers to these questions can be found in US president Barack Obama’s “back to school” speech. Here is an excerpt(摘录) from his speech.
I know that sometimes, you get the sense that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through pop music or basketball or being a TV star, when chances are, you’re not going to be any of those things.
But the truth is, being successful is hard. You won’t love every subject you study. Not all the homework will seem rather important to your life right this minute. And you may not succeed at everything the first time you try.
That’s OK. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who’ve had the most failures (the opposite of success). JK Rowling’s first Harry Potter book was turned down 12 times before it finally came out. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team, and he lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots (投篮) during his career. But he once said, “I have failed over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.”
These people succeeded because they understand that you can’t let your failures beat(打败) you—you have to let them teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently next time.
No one’s born being good at things. You become good at things through hard work.
Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness; it’s a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to tell when you don’t know something, and to learn something new.
And even when you’re struggling(奋斗), even when you’re discouraged (泄气), and you feel other people have given up on you—don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.
【小题1】Why does Barack Obama mention (提到) JK Rowling and Michael Jordan in the third paragraph?

A．To compare these two famous persons.

B．To explain that the more failures he has, the more successful he is.

C．If you want to be successful, you should fail first.

D．To show that failure is the mother of success.

【小题2】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．No one can be successful without working hard.

B．Failure can be good if you treat it in a right way.

C．Those who believe in themselves shouldn’t ask others for help.

D．One should try his best to make his dream come true.

【小题3】Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined sentence?

A．One shouldn’t ask questions because it is a sign of strength.

B．One should believe in himself though he will face much difficulty.

C．One doesn’t have to work hard when he has failed several times.

D．One doesn’t have to ask for help because it is a sign of weakness.

As Danny put his lunch tray onto the cafeteria table, milk spilled all over his sandwich. He sat down, hung his head forward, looking at the food in front of him. Frowning, he began peeling the soggy milk-soaked bread (浸透牛奶的) from his sandwich. “This is the worst thing I’ve ever done!” he said, “It’s not that bad,” said his friend Elena, who was sitting across from him. “Just get another sandwich.”

“Sandwich? What sandwich? I am talking about the talent contest. It’s only two weeks away and I don’t know what I’m doing! Everybody will laugh at me. There’s no way to avoid it!”
“Don’t be so negative, Danny,” said Elena as she rolled her eyes. “You’re going to be great, You’re very capable. You have the skills to do just about anything.”
Danny moved his lunch tray to the side and rested his head on the table.
“Sit up Danny,” ordered Elena, “I have an idea. Let’s brainstorm a list of things you could do. We’ll divide the list into categories or groups. Let’s start with music. You play the piano, right?”
“I stopped taking lessons in the third grade,” said Danny.
“What about singing a song?” suggested Elena.
Danny shook his head no. “Let’s move on to another category.”
“What about performing magic tricks?” asked Elena, as she twisted thin strands of hair around her finger.
“I don’t know how to play magic tricks!” Danny almost shouted. “Elena, how did I get myself into this huge mess?”
“Stop being so…” Elena paused, “That’s it, DRAMATIC!” Elena shouted excitedly. “You could do a dramatic reading. You definitely have the talent for it. Mrs. Pace always calls on you to read aloud in class. You could read a play aloud. Maybe you could even get extra credit from Mrs. Pace. She rewards students with points for doing extra reading work.”
Danny thought for a minute. Then he smiled. “Elena,” Danny said, “You are a great friend!”
Elena smiled back. “I just want to make sure you are a bright, shiny star when you step out on stage.”
【小题1】Elena and Danny were talking ______.

A．in the cafeteria

B．in the classroom

C．in a theatre

D．at home

【小题2】Danny was unhappy because of ______.

A．the spilled milk	B．her friend Elena
C．the talent contest	D．the milk-soaked bread

【小题3】With the help of Elena, Danny finally decided to ______.

A．play the piano	B．sing a song
C．perform magic tricks	D．do a dramatic reading

【小题4】The title for the story is most likely to be ______.

A．A Huge Mess	B．The Talent Contest
C．An Unlucky Boy	D．A Dramatic Reading

请仔细阅读下题五位人员的个人情况说明，从A-F中选出能解决他们问题的恰当建议。（有1个多余选项）（共5小题，计5分）

I. Students’ problems 1. My mother is a doctor. She is too busy with her work to spend the weekends with me. It seems that she doesn’t care me at all. I feel lonely. 2.. I am too shy to speak in front of my classmates. They always laugh loudly when I am answering teachers’ questions. 3.I am not allowed to meet friends at all. My parents want me to study all the time at home. I feel unhappy. 4.I think I work harder than others but I get bad grades. Am I too stupid? 5.A senior high school student asked me to give him ￥100 every week without telling others. I am frightened, so I don’t want to go to school now.

II. Some good advice A. Nobody was born stupid. Maybe you haven’t got right ways of study yet. Ask the teachers or classmates for help if you have any questions. B. Your classmates may not laugh at you. If you don’t like their laugher, you should talk to them about your feelings. They might understand you. And you had better be more easygoing and be their friend. C. If you feel unhappy, go to have a good sleep and you will forget everything unhappy. D. Don’t be afraid. You should tell your parents or teachers at once. Don’t go out alone then. E. Let your parents know your friends are nice. You learn a lot from them as well as have fun with them. You study with them outside, too. F.Tell your mother you need her company sometimes. Also you should do some housework with your mother so she can finish her work quickly. Try to understand her, too.