中国人失掉自信力了吗
鲁迅
　　①从公开的文字上看起来：两年以前，我们总自夸着“地大物博”，是事实；不久就不
再自夸了，只希望着国联，也是事实；现在是既不夸自己，也不信国联，改为一味求神拜佛，
怀古伤今了——却也是事实。
②于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。
③如果单据这一点现象而论，自信其实是早就失掉了的。先前信“地”，信“物”，后来
信“国联”，都没有相信过“自己”。假使这也算一种“信”，那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他
信力”，自从对国联失望之后，便把这他信力都失掉了。
④失掉了他信力，就会疑，一个转身，也许能够只相信了自己，倒是一条新生路，但不
幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信“地”和“物”，还是切实的东西，国联就渺茫，不过这还可以
令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛，可就玄虚之至了，有益或是有害，一时
就找不出分明的结果来，它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。
⑤中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。
⑥“自欺”也并非现在的新东西，现在只不过日见其明显，笼罩了一切罢了。然而，在
这笼罩之下，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。
⑦我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拚命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法
的人，……虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”，也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是
中国的脊梁。
⑧这一类的人们，就是现在也何尝少呢？他们有确信，不自欺；他们在前仆后继的战斗，
不过一面总在被摧残，被抹杀，消灭于黑暗中，不能为大家所知道罢了。说中国人失掉了自
信力，用以指一部分人则可，倘若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。
⑨要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。
自信力的有无，状元宰相的文章是不足为据的，要自己去看地底下。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　九月二十五日。
【小题1】．作者批驳的观点是什么？确立的观点又是什么？（４分）
【小题2】．文章由直接反驳转到间接反驳起过渡作用的是第几段？它在内容上是怎样承上启下的？请结合原文作答。（５分）
【小题3】．联系全文，对“埋头苦干的人”、“拼命硬干的人”、“为民请命的人”、“舍身求法的人”的共同特征概括错误的一项是（　　）（２分）

A．他们都是中国的脊梁。

B．他们有确信，不自欺。

C．他们前仆后继的战斗。

D．他们总不为大家所知道。

【小题4】．文章⑦—⑨段反复强调“中国的脊梁”，表达出作者怎样的思想感情？（４分）
【小题5】．今天的中国正在各个领域展现出国民的自信力，请依照例句按要求续写。（5分）例句：杨利伟，用自信的挥手代表了中国航天科技的高度；
续写：　　　　，                                                          ；
　　　　，                                                          。
他们都                                 。

五位中国学生要去英国留学，他们想要找住家。请仔细阅读第56-60题中的学生个人情况说明，并A至F六个选项中，帮助他们选择最合适的住家（其中一项为多余选项）。
______ 【小题1】Zhang Chao likes Chinese food. He hopes his host family speak a little Chinese.
______ 【小题2】 Li Wei likes doing sports. He wants to live near a park.
______ 【小题3】Liu Yong hopes to live near his school –Reading School. He prefers a bedroom with a bathroom.
______ 【小题4】Chen Yao wants to live in a big bedroom cheaper than ￡350 a month. She can’t stand pets.
______ 【小题5】Hu Mei loves pets. She would like a bedroom cheaper than ￡220 a month.

A Host family: The  Browns Nationality: English Address: 16 Church Road (near Reading School) Room: Small, with a bathroom Price: ￡280 / month	B Host family: The Johnsons Nationality: English Address: 10 Shinfield Road (near Wallen School) Room: Small Price: ￡260 / month	C Host family: Wang Lin Nationality: Chinese Address: 48 Queen’s Road Room: Small Price: ￡230 / month Other information: Good at cooking Chinese food
D Host family: The  Kings Nationality: English Address: 75 Ereigh Road Room: big Price: ￡300 / month	E Host family: Judy Nationality: English Address: 6 King Road Room: Small Price: ￡120 / month Other information: a pet	F Host family: The  Rays Nationality: English Address: 22 Workingham Road (near Palmer Park ) Room: big Price: ￡370 / month

 

五位母亲Betty, Sara, Gina, Mary和 Alice打算为各自的孩子选择一所合适的学校。请仔细阅读下列各题中的个人情况说明，从A到F的六个选项中，选出符合各人要求的最佳选项，其中一项为多余选项。
【小题1】 Betty has a six-year-old daughter. She wants her to be a musician when she grows up, so she is
looking for a famous music school for her.
【小题2】 Sara’s son is 10 years old. He is interested in water sports. He said that he hoped to be a sailor in the future.
【小题3】 Alice learned to dance when she was young. Now she is a successful dancer. She wants her little daughter to follow her steps.
【小题4】 Mary is always worried about her daughter, who is poor at math and English at school, so she is looking for a training centre to help her daughter.
【小题5】Gina has a son who is a football fan. He knows about almost all the well-known football players. He wishes to be a football star.

A

Aqualility Making water safe and fun. Swimming lessons are for all ages from birth. Small groups are in warm pools in Reigate on Monday & Friday afternoons. Call 07914 688 826

B

Manor House A small and friendly school for girls 2—16 offers a modern and caring environment. Bring your daughter and come and see why our girls are so happy and do so well. Call 01372 45768

 

C

Little Kickers Why do we get a kick out of every class? It’s fun. The children have fun learning new skills. So if you want your kid to be a football star or just to be happier, why not come and have a ball with us? Call 01753 83109

D

Monkey Music Since 1993 thousands of children across the UK have grown up with Monkey Music. Our wonderful teaching program introduces music to young children in a way they can easily understand and enjoy. Call 0193 82866

 

E

Kip McGrath Do you want your child to succeed at school? We have very good Math and English teachers. We are for children aged 6—16. Call 01483 303233

F

Farnham Dance New ballet(芭蕾) classes at the St. John’s Centre, 19 Tilford Rd, Farnham GU9 8DJ. Tuesday afternoons, 10 week terms Call 01252 727347

五位中国学生要去美国留学，他们想要找住家。请仔细阅读第56-60题中的学生的个人情况说明，并从A至F六个选项中，帮助他们选择最适合的住家（其中一项为多余选项）
   【小题1】Zhang Chao likes Chinese food. He hopes his host family speak a little Chinese.
   【小题2】Li Wei likes doing sports. He wants to live near a park.
   【小题3】Liu Yong hopes to live near his school---Reading School. He prefers a bed room with a bathroom
   【小题4】Chen Yao wants to live in a big bedroom cheaper than ￡350 a month. She can’t stand pets.
   【小题5】Hu Mei loves pets. She would like a bedroom cheaper than ￡220 a month.

五位学生要去旅游，他们想要找景点或住处。请仔细阅读A至F六个景点或住家的介绍，帮助他们选择最合适的去处（其中一项为多余选项）。
【小题1】Kate enjoys shopping. She wants to visit a place where she can shop all the time.
【小题2】Tom is interested in computer games. He even wants to stay in a hotel with a computer center.
【小题3】Betty wants to be a news reporter when she grows up. She enjoys taking pictures very much.
【小题4】Ben likes exciting rides. He thinks nothing is more exciting than that.
【小题5】Jane wants to stay in a hotel for a week. She likes swimming and seeing films.

A Hello Kitty Land *Hello kitty show *Photo time	B Tokyo Disneyland *Mickey Mouse show *Exciting rides	C Tokyo Hotel *Large souvenir shop *Big computer center
D Ginza *Lots of shops—big or small.	E Central Hotel *Large swimming pool *Cinema *Close to the train station