短文理解

　　The Chinese Antarctica expedition returned to Shanghai on March 20 following a month living on the ice．It was the first time Chinese scientists had visited the Amery Ice Shelf－the longest ice shelf in the world．

　　The team collected ice samples and data on temperatures, which are necessary for research on global warming．

　　So far, about 27 countries have visited Antarctica for scientific research．Although the living conditions are very hard, many scientists have to stay there for long periods of time．

　　So, how do they manage their lives on the ice?

　　Well, during the summer, the temperature in Antarctica reaches about －20 ℃．It falls to about －60℃ in winter．So, even if there are 24 hours of sunshine, scientists must keep wearing all the correct clothes _________．These clothes include jeans, running shoes, jackets, long underwear, boots and woolen socks．

　　Although highly technical clothing provides much protection against the extreme cold, scientists often need to go outside when there is an icy wind blowing and the temperature is －30℃．Natural protection such as facial hair can also help．

　　“That’s why many researchers wear a beard．It really does keep you warm．”says German explorer Raved Fuchs．

　　Usually, the polar researchers have good meals．Some even have feasts on holidays like Christmas and New Year’s Day．Vegetables are always welcomed and usually finished the quickest．

　　Life on the ice means living with other researchers in tight living spaces．Most people sleep in dormitory style rooms．More remote field camps use separate tents．So, at least some researchers don’t have to put up with annoying snores(鼾声)。

　　But what do they do for fun in their spare time? There are actually a lot of things they can do．They watch movies, read tons of books, listen to music, visit saunas, paint and ski．Some female researchers might even do some knitting．

　　It is important for a polar researcher to be in good physical condition．They can be required to climb to heights of more than 3, 000 meters．And the Antarctic atmosphere has less oxygen than that of any other continent．

1．Why is the expedition designed?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．Which sentence in this passage can be replaced by the following one?

Hard as the living condition, one must…

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3．Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．What do you think of expedition?

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the passage into Chinese?

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下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。

　　English, which was only spoken by the people living in England in the ________ century, began to be spoken by many other countries from the next century with the English colonists ________ to other countries around the world．As a result, there are a lot of countries who speak English as their ________ language, such as the U．S．, Canada, Australia, etc．There are also other countries speaking English as a foreign or ________ language, such as some south-Asian countries and African countries, which was once ________ by Britain in history．

　　Though there are different Englishes in the world, the ________ speakers can have almost no difficulty in communicating with each other ________ they don’t use ________ kind of English．However, sometimes they do have some trouble in understanding each other’s words, spelling, pronunciation and dialects．

　　English is an all-the-time ________ language; for example, the English of AD 450 to 1150, which was based more on ________ was quite ________ the English spoken from 1150 to 1500, which was based more on ________．Thanks to Shakespeare’s efforts, English had a big change in ________．American English got its own ________ with the help of Noah Webster．